The home care nurse is assessing a client's abdomen 4 weeks after a colostomy in the descending colon was created. What are the expected findings of the a healthy client's abdominal assessment?

(SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

D. Impaired immunity is a serious complication of prolonged stress that can have significant implications for overall health and susceptibility to illness. Chronic stress has been linked to dysregulation of the immune system, leading to decreased immune function and increased susceptibility to infections, autoimmune disorders, and other illnesses. Impaired immunity can compromise the body's ability to fight off pathogens and may contribute to the development or exacerbation of various health conditions.
A. Increased muscle tension is a common physiological response to stress but it is not typically considered a serious complication. Prolonged muscle tension can lead to discomfort, headaches, and musculoskeletal issues, but it is not usually life-threatening or associated with severe complications.
B. Altered sleep patterns, such as insomnia or disrupted sleep, can be significant consequences of prolonged stress. Chronic sleep disturbances can negatively impact physical health, cognitive function, and emotional well-being. While altered sleep patterns can have serious implications for overall health and quality of life, they are not typically considered life-threatening in the short term.
C. Increased peristalsis refers to heightened movement of the gastrointestinal tract, which can result in symptoms such as diarrhea or gastrointestinal discomfort. While gastrointestinal disturbances are common manifestations of stress, they are generally not considered the most serious complication of prolonged stress. However, severe or persistent gastrointestinal symptoms may warrant medical evaluation and management.

D. 0.9% sodium chloride (0.9% NaCl): This solution, also known as normal saline, is isotonic and contains the same concentration of sodium as extracellular fluid. It is the most appropriate choice for initial fluid resuscitation in hypovolemia due to severe bleeding because it rapidly expands intravascular volume, replaces sodium losses, and helps restore circulating blood volume.
A. This solution contains dextrose (glucose) and a small amount of sodium chloride. It provides some glucose for energy but has a lower sodium concentration compared to isotonic solutions like normal saline. While it may be used in certain situations, such as to provide maintenance fluids or correct mild dehydration, it is not the first choice for fluid resuscitation in hypovolemia due to severe bleeding because it does not adequately replace lost volume.
B. 3% sodium chloride (3% NaCl): This solution is hypertonic and has a high sodium concentration. It is not typically used for initial fluid resuscitation in hypovolemia due to severe bleeding. Hypertonic saline solutions like 3% NaCl are more commonly used in specific situations such as severe hyponatremia or cerebral edema.
C. 5% dextrose in water (D5W): This solution contains only dextrose and water and is isotonic until the dextrose is metabolized, after which it becomes hypotonic. D5W is not suitable for fluid resuscitation in hypovolemia due to severe bleeding because it does not provide adequate sodium or volume replacement.