The client prescribed ondansetron (Zofran) for persistent nausea and vomiting demonstrates understanding about his medication when he states:
“This medication should be taken after eating to reduce nausea.”
“This medication should not be taken with starfruit.”
“This medication may make me tired and confused.”
“This medication may cause rebound nausea.”
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: “This medication should be taken after eating to reduce nausea.” is not a correct statement that demonstrates understanding about ondansetron. Ondansetron is a medication that prevents nausea and vomiting by blocking the action of serotonin, a chemical that stimulates the vomiting center in the brain. Ondansetron can be taken with or without food, and it does not affect the digestion or absorption of food. Ondansetron is usually taken before the start of chemotherapy, radiation, or surgery, which are the common causes of nausea and vomiting.
Choice B reason: “This medication should not be taken with starfruit.” is not a correct statement that demonstrates understanding about ondansetron. Ondansetron is a medication that prevents nausea and vomiting by blocking the action of serotonin, a chemical that stimulates the vomiting center in the brain. Ondansetron does not interact with starfruit, which is a tropical fruit that contains substances that can inhibit the enzyme CYP3A4, which is involved in the metabolism of many drugs. Ondansetron is mainly metabolized by another enzyme, CYP1A2, and it has a low potential for drug interactions¹.
Choice C reason: “This medication may make me tired and confused.” is a correct statement that demonstrates understanding about ondansetron. Ondansetron is a medication that prevents nausea and vomiting by blocking the action of serotonin, a chemical that stimulates the vomiting center in the brain. Ondansetron can also cross the blood brain barrier and affect other serotonin receptors in the brain, which are involved in regulating mood, cognition, and sleep. Ondansetron can cause side effects such as fatigue, drowsiness, headache, and confusion, which can impair the mental alertness and performance of the client. The client should be advised to avoid driving, operating machinery, or doing other tasks that require attention after taking ondansetron.
Choice D reason: “This medication may cause rebound nausea.” is not a correct statement that demonstrates understanding about ondansetron. Ondansetron is a medication that prevents nausea and vomiting by blocking the action of serotonin, a chemical that stimulates the vomiting center in the brain. Ondansetron does not cause rebound nausea, which is a condition of nausea that occurs after the discontinuation of a medication that suppresses nausea. Ondansetron is not a medication that suppresses nausea, but rather prevents it by blocking the stimulation of the vomiting center. Ondansetron does not cause dependence or withdrawal symptoms, and it can be stopped without causing rebound nausea.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: This is correct. The kidneys are the main organs for excreting water-soluble substances, including most drugs and their metabolites. The kidneys filter the blood and remove waste products and excess fluid as urine. Drugs can be excreted by glomerular filtration, tubular secretion, or tubular reabsorption.
Choice B reason: This is incorrect. The pancreas is not involved in excretion of drugs. The pancreas is an organ that produces digestive enzymes and hormones, such as insulin and glucagon.
Choice C reason: This is incorrect. The gallbladder is not involved in excretion of drugs. The gallbladder is an organ that stores and concentrates bile, a fluid that helps digest fats.
Choice D reason: This is incorrect. The liver is not primarily responsible for excretion of drugs, although it plays an important role in drug metabolism. The liver is an organ that performs many functions, such as detoxifying substances, synthesizing proteins, and producing bile. The liver can transform drugs into more polar and water-soluble compounds, which can then be excreted by the kidneys or the biliary system.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: "Antibiotics are administered to treat viral infections." is an incorrect statement for the nurse to make when providing teaching for a client who has a new prescription for an antibiotic. Antibiotics are medicines that fight bacterial infections in people and animals. They work by killing the bacteria or by making it hard for the bacteria to grow and multiply. Antibiotics do not work against viruses, such as those that cause colds, flu, or COVID19. Taking antibiotics when they are not needed can cause harm and increase the risk of antibiotic resistance¹.
Choice B reason: "Bloody stools are expected while taking antibiotics." is an incorrect statement for the nurse to make when providing teaching for a client who has a new prescription for an antibiotic. Bloody stools are not a normal or expected side effect of antibiotics. They can indicate a serious condition, such as intestinal bleeding, ulcerative colitis, or Clostridioides difficile infection. C. diff is a type of bacteria that can cause severe diarrhea, abdominal pain, and bloody stools. It can occur when antibiotics disrupt the normal balance of bacteria in the gut and allow C. diff to grow and produce toxins. The nurse should instruct the client to report any signs of bloody stools or severe diarrhea to the health care provider immediately.
Choice C reason: "Take the entire course of antibiotics as prescribed." is a correct statement for the nurse to make when providing teaching for a client who has a new prescription for an antibiotic. Taking the entire course of antibiotics as prescribed is important to ensure that the infection is completely treated and to prevent the bacteria from becoming resistant to the antibiotic. Stopping the antibiotic too soon or skipping doses can allow some bacteria to survive and multiply, which can cause the infection to come back or spread to other parts of the body. The nurse should also remind the client to follow the instructions on the medication label or the prescriber's order regarding the dosage, frequency, and duration of the antibiotic therapy.
Choice D reason: "Discontinue the medication when you feel better." is an incorrect statement for the nurse to make when providing teaching for a client who has a new prescription for an antibiotic. Discontinuing the medication when the client feels better is not advisable, as it can lead to incomplete treatment and antibiotic resistance. Feeling better does not mean that the infection is gone or that the bacteria are all killed. The client should continue to take the antibiotic until the end of the prescribed course, even if they have no symptoms or feel better. The nurse should also advise the client to contact the health care provider if they have any questions or concerns about the antibiotic or if they experience any side effects or allergic reactions.
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