What is the term used for a well understood drug model with which other drugs in its representative class are compared?

Antibiotics

Pharmacologic Drug

Prototype Drug

Therapeutic Drug

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: This is incorrect. Antibiotics are not a term for a drug model, but a class of drugs that are used to treat bacterial infections. Antibiotics can have different chemical structures, mechanisms of action, and modes of action. For example, penicillin is a prototype drug of the beta lactam antibiotics, which inhibit the synthesis of bacterial cell walls¹.

Choice B reason: This is incorrect. Pharmacologic drug is not a term for a drug model, but a general term for any substance that has a physiological effect on the body. Pharmacologic drugs can belong to different classes, such as analgesics, antihistamines, or antivirals. For example, aspirin is a prototype drug of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which reduce pain, inflammation, and fever.

Choice C reason: This is correct. Prototype drug is the term used for a well understood drug model with which other drugs in its representative class are compared. A prototype drug is an individual drug that has similar chemical structure, mechanism of action, and mode of action as other drugs in its class. A prototype drug is often the first developed or the most important drug in its class, and is used as a reference for comparison. For example, morphine is a prototype drug of the opioid analgesics, which relieve pain by binding to opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord.

Choice D reason: This is incorrect. Therapeutic drug is not a term for a drug model, but a term for any drug that is used to treat or prevent a disease or disorder. Therapeutic drugs can belong to different classes, such as antibiotics, antihypertensives, or antidepressants. For example, metformin is a prototype drug of the biguanide antidiabetic drugs, which lower blood glucose levels by reducing glucose production in the liver and increasing glucose uptake in the muscles.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: This is correct. The liver is the main organ responsible for drug metabolism. The enzymes that the body uses to metabolize drugs are present throughout the body but are most abundant in the liver. The liver can transform drugs into more polar and water-soluble compounds, which can then be excreted by the kidneys or the biliary system.

Choice B reason: This is incorrect. The lungs are not primarily responsible for drug metabolism, although they can play a minor role in some cases. The lungs can metabolize some drugs that are inhaled, such as anesthetics, or drugs that circulate through the pulmonary blood vessels, such as propranolol. However, the lungs have a lower capacity and a lower variety of enzymes than the liver.

Choice C reason: This is incorrect. The heart is not responsible for drug metabolism, although it can be affected by it. The heart is the organ that pumps blood throughout the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and organs. The heart can be influenced by the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs, which are the processes of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, and the effects of drugs on the body, respectively.

Choice D reason: This is incorrect. The kidney is not primarily responsible for drug metabolism, although it is important for drug excretion. The kidney is the organ that filters the blood and removes waste products and excess fluid as urine. The kidney can excrete drugs that are water-soluble or that are not reabsorbed by the tubules. The kidney can also metabolize some drugs, such as aspirin, but to a lesser extent than the liver.

A. Review the patient’s previous blood glucose levels B. No review is necessary before administering insulin C. Review the Regular insulin sliding scale for administration in the patient’s electronic medical record D. Review the patient’s previous insulin administration doses

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: This is incorrect. Reviewing the patient’s previous blood glucose levels may not be helpful in determining the correct dose of insulin, as the blood glucose level can fluctuate depending on various factors, such as food intake, activity, stress, and illness. The previous blood glucose levels may not reflect the current insulin needs of the patient¹.

Choice B reason: This is incorrect. No review is not an option before administering insulin, as insulin is a highalert medication that can cause serious harm if given incorrectly. The nurse should always check the patient’s blood glucose level, the insulin order, the insulin type, the insulin dose, the insulin expiration date, and the insulin injection site before giving insulin.

Choice C reason: This is correct. Reviewing the Regular insulin sliding scale for administration in the patient’s electronic medical record is the best action to determine the correct dose of insulin. A sliding scale is a chart of insulin dosages based on blood glucose level and mealtime. It is used to adjust the insulin dose according to the patient’s blood glucose level and insulin sensitivity. The nurse should follow the sliding scale protocol and verify the insulin dose with another nurse before administering it.

Choice D reason: This is incorrect. Reviewing the patient’s previous insulin administration doses may not be helpful in determining the correct dose of insulin, as the insulin dose may vary depending on the patient’s blood glucose level and insulin sensitivity. The previous insulin doses may not reflect the current insulin needs of the patient¹.

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What is the term used for a well understood drug model with which other drugs in its representative class are compared?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which organ is primarily responsible for drug metabolism?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nurse is preparing to administer Regular insulin to a client with a blood glucose of 265. What action should the nurse take to determine the correct dose?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Which of the following are the five main rights of medication administration?(Select all that apply.)

The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with beta lactam resistant bacteria. The nurse anticipates administering which broad spectrum antibiotic?

A nurse is reviewing medication for a patient with a recent myocardial infarction. The physician has prescribed aspirin. What is the primary purpose of this medication in this context?

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The nurse is monitoring a client taking a potassium sparing diuretic. Which of the following findings would prompt the nurse to notify the health care provider?

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Escitalopram (Lexapro) belongs to which class of medications?