The busy emergency department at a hospital has experienced a sharp increase in negative outcomes among clients with heart conditions in the past month. Which of the following actions should the nursing staff take to improve client outcomes?

A. This action exemplifies nursing advocacy. Ensuring that a client has given informed consent means that the nurse is making sure the patient understands their treatment options, the risks involved, and the potential benefits.
B. While sharing experiences can be helpful, influencing a client’s decision based on the nurse's own experiences can compromise the client’s autonomy. Advocacy means supporting the patient in making their own informed choices rather than directing them toward a specific decision.
C. Discussing a client’s medical treatment with someone who is not part of the healthcare team or not authorized to receive that information violates patient confidentiality and privacy rights. Advocacy includes respecting the client’s right to privacy and not disclosing information without consent.
D. While nurses can provide education and information about treatment options, recommending specific surgical or treatment options is generally outside the scope of nursing practice. Advocacy involves helping clients understand their options and supporting them in their decisions, not directing them toward specific interventions.

A. While state boards of nursing do have regulatory authority over nursing practice and can take action against nurses who abuse substances, this does not negate the need for an internal program. Organizations should proactively address substance abuse to support employee health and safety, rather than relying solely on external authorities.
B. While safety is a critical concern, emphasizing punishment can create a culture of fear and may discourage employees from seeking help. A punitive approach may lead to further issues, such as hiding problems rather than addressing them.
C. While confidentiality is important, the involvement of the personnel department alone may not be sufficient to address the complexities of substance abuse. A comprehensive program should include input from healthcare professionals, mental health experts, and employee assistance programs to effectively manage and support affected employees.
D. This is the most appropriate consideration. A program focusing on screening, prevention, and early intervention can help identify issues before they escalate, support employees in getting the help they need, and create a healthier workplace culture.