Select all that apply: Which of the following are examples of Secondary Evidence?
Systematic Reviews
Practice Guidelines
Meta-Analysis
Quantitative
Qualitative
Correct Answer : A,B,C
Choice A reason: Systematic Reviews are a form of secondary evidence as they compile and synthesize findings from multiple studies to provide an overview of the literature on a particular topic.
Choice B reason: Practice Guidelines are also considered secondary evidence because they are developed based on a review of existing primary studies and provide recommendations for clinical practice.
Choice C reason: Meta-Analysis is a statistical approach to combine the results of multiple studies. It is a type of secondary evidence that provides a high level of evidence by aggregating data.
Choice D reason: Quantitative research is a primary evidence source as it involves the collection and analysis of numerical data to understand phenomena.
Choice E reason: Qualitative research is another primary evidence source that involves non-numerical data to explore concepts and experiences in depth.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: The Ohio Board of Nursing is a state-level organization that regulates the practice of nursing within Ohio. It does not set national policy on community and public health care.
Choice B reason: The Public Health Advisory Committee is a type of organization that typically advises on public health policy at a national level. Such committees are often composed of experts who provide guidance on a wide range of health issues affecting the public.
Choice C reason: The Quad Council Coalition represents public health nursing organizations and works to improve the health of communities. While it plays a significant role in public health, it does not set national policy but rather influences it through advocacy and education.
Choice D reason: Community Service Committees are usually local or regional entities that focus on specific community needs and services. They do not have the authority to set national policy on community and public health care.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Improving the influence of public health nurses is important, but it is not the primary goal of population health. Nurses play a vital role in implementing health strategies, but the overarching goal is broader.
Choice B reason:
While maintaining or improving control over public health decisions is crucial, it serves as a means to an end. The end goal is to enhance the health status of the entire population.
Choice C reason:
Increasing the number of acute care hospital-based admissions is not a goal of population health. In fact, population health often aims to reduce these admissions by improving overall health and preventing illness.
Choice D reason:
Maintaining or improving the health status of the population is the primary goal of population health. This includes reducing health inequities and focusing on preventive care, early intervention, and effective chronic disease management¹³.
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