(Select all that apply): A nurse is explaining the types of antipsychotic medications to a group of nursing students. Which medications belong to the first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs)?
Chlorpromazine.
Quetiapine.
Olanzapine.
Haloperidol.
Risperidone.
Correct Answer : A,D
Chlorpromazine and haloperidol belong to the first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs), which are also known as conventional or typical antipsychotics. They primarily block dopamine receptors in the brain and are effective for treating positive symptoms of schizophrenia, such as hallucinations and delusions.
Choice B is wrong because quetiapine is a second-generation antipsychotic (SGA), which is also known as atypical antipsychotic. It blocks both dopamine and serotonin receptors in the brain and is effective for treating both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, such as anhedonia and flattened affect.
Choice C is wrong because olanzapine is also a second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) that has similar effects and indications as quetiapine.
Choice E is wrong because risperidone is also a second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) that has similar effects and indications as quetiapine and olanzapine.
Normal ranges for antipsychotic medications vary depending on the type, dose, and duration of treatment.
However, some general guidelines are:
• For chlorpromazine, the therapeutic range is 100 to 300 ng/mL and the toxic level is above 1000 ng/mL.
• For haloperidol, the therapeutic range is 5 to 20 ng/mL and the toxic level is above 50 ng/mL.
• For quetiapine, the therapeutic range is 100 to 800 ng/mL and the toxic level is above 1500 ng/mL.
• For olanzapine, the therapeutic range is 20 to 80 ng/mL and the toxic level is above 200 ng/mL.
• For risperidone, the therapeutic range is 4 to 24 ng/mL and the toxic level is above 50 ng/mL.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Sedation and weight gain are common side effects of atypical antipsychotic medications.These medications act on both dopamine and serotonin receptors in the brain and may also have some antidepressant effects.
Choice A is wrong because weight loss and hypotension are not typical side effects of atypical antipsychotics.In fact, weight gain is more likely to occur.
Choice B is wrong because hyperactivity and insomnia are not typical side effects of atypical antipsychotics.These medications may cause difficulty sleeping and extreme tiredness.
Choice C is wrong because blurred vision and urinary retention are not typical side effects of atypical antipsychotics.These medications may cause dry mouth and constipation.
Other possible side effects of atypical antipsychotics include dizziness, seizures, allergic reactions, heart problems, and high prolactin levels.Some atypical antipsychotics may also cause extrapyramidal symptoms, such as muscle spasms, restlessness, tremors, or abnormal movements.
These are more common with typical antipsychotics.
Atypical antipsychotics are used to treat various mental health conditions, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, OCD, and treatment-resistant mania.They may also be prescribed off-label for other conditions, such as Tourette’s syndrome.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Drowsiness is a common adverse effect of antipsychotics, especially in the first few weeks of treatment.Antipsychotics block dopamine receptors in the brain, which can cause sedation and fatigue.
Choice B is wrong because antipsychotics usually increase appetite, not decrease it.This can lead to weight gain and metabolic problems.
Choice C is wrong because antipsychotics do not cause increased energy and restlessness.These symptoms may indicate a manic episode or akathisia, which is a movement disorder that can be caused by antipsychotics.
Choice D is wrong because antipsychotics do not directly improve mood. They are used to treat psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions.Mood stabilizers or antidepressants may be needed to treat mood disorders.
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