A nurse is discussing the use of antipsychotic medications with a client. Which of the following statements by the client indicates understanding?

This statement indicates a serious adverse effect that should be reported to the healthcare provider because it may suggestneuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), a potentially fatal condition that can occur with antipsychotic medications.NMS is characterized by muscle rigidity, altered mental status, tachycardia, sweating, fever, and autonomic instability.It requires immediate medical attention and discontinuation of the antipsychotic medication.

Choice A is wrong because “I have been feeling a bit dizzy when I stand up.” This statement indicates a common adverse effect of antipsychotic medications calledorthostatic hypotension, which is a drop in blood pressure when changing positions.It is usually mild and transient, and can be managed by rising slowly and avoiding dehydration.

Choice B is wrong because “I have been experiencing dry mouth and constipation.” This statement indicates another common adverse effect of antipsychotic medications calledanticholinergic effects, which are caused by the blockade of acetylcholine receptors in the peripheral nervous system.They include dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation, and tachycardia.They are usually mild and can be managed by drinking fluids, chewing sugarless gum, using artificial tears, and increasing dietary fiber.

Choice C is wrong because “I have noticed a slight increase in my blood sugar levels.” This statement indicates a possible adverse effect of antipsychotic medications calledhyperglycemia, which is an elevation of blood glucose levels.It is more common with atypical antipsychotics than with typical antipsychotics, and it may increase the risk of diabetes mellitus.It is usually monitored by regular blood tests and controlled by diet, exercise, and medication if needed.

Antipsychotic medications can also be used to treat other mental health disorders such as bipolar disorder.This is because some antipsychotics, such as aripiprazole (Abilify), act on both serotonin and dopamine receptors in the brain, which are involved in mood regulation.

Choice A is wrong because antipsychotic medications are not only used to treat psychotic symptoms, but also negative symptoms of schizophrenia, such as social withdrawal, flattened affect, and anhedonia.

Choice C is wrong because antipsychotic medications are not only used to treat schizophrenia, but also other psychotic disorders, such as schizoaffective disorder, delusional disorder, and brief psychotic disorder.

Choice D is wrong because antipsychotic medications are effective in treating other mental health disorders, such as bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.Some antipsychotics also have antiemetic effects, such as chlorpromazine (Thorazine) and prochlorperazine (Compazine).