A nurse is educating a client about antipsychotic medications. Which of the following statements is true about antipsychotics?

This statement indicates a serious adverse effect that should be reported to the healthcare provider because it may suggestneuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), a potentially fatal condition that can occur with antipsychotic medications.NMS is characterized by muscle rigidity, altered mental status, tachycardia, sweating, fever, and autonomic instability.It requires immediate medical attention and discontinuation of the antipsychotic medication.

Choice A is wrong because “I have been feeling a bit dizzy when I stand up.” This statement indicates a common adverse effect of antipsychotic medications calledorthostatic hypotension, which is a drop in blood pressure when changing positions.It is usually mild and transient, and can be managed by rising slowly and avoiding dehydration.

Choice B is wrong because “I have been experiencing dry mouth and constipation.” This statement indicates another common adverse effect of antipsychotic medications calledanticholinergic effects, which are caused by the blockade of acetylcholine receptors in the peripheral nervous system.They include dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation, and tachycardia.They are usually mild and can be managed by drinking fluids, chewing sugarless gum, using artificial tears, and increasing dietary fiber.

Choice C is wrong because “I have noticed a slight increase in my blood sugar levels.” This statement indicates a possible adverse effect of antipsychotic medications calledhyperglycemia, which is an elevation of blood glucose levels.It is more common with atypical antipsychotics than with typical antipsychotics, and it may increase the risk of diabetes mellitus.It is usually monitored by regular blood tests and controlled by diet, exercise, and medication if needed.

Drowsiness is a common adverse effect of antipsychotics, especially in the first few weeks of treatment.Antipsychotics block dopamine receptors in the brain, which can cause sedation and fatigue.

Choice B is wrong because antipsychotics usually increase appetite, not decrease it.This can lead to weight gain and metabolic problems.

Choice C is wrong because antipsychotics do not cause increased energy and restlessness.These symptoms may indicate a manic episode or akathisia, which is a movement disorder that can be caused by antipsychotics.

Choice D is wrong because antipsychotics do not directly improve mood. They are used to treat psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions.Mood stabilizers or antidepressants may be needed to treat mood disorders.