Review H and P and nurses’ notes.
Click to highlight which assessment findings should the nurse attend to right away?
Admitted client. Vital signs: heart rate 128 beats/minute, rhythm sinus tachycardia, respiratory rate 14 breaths/minute, oxygen saturation 100% on 40% fraction of inspired oxygen, temperature 96.9° F (36.1° C), blood pressure 90/79 mm Hg. Pulse pressure calculated to be less than 40 mm Hg. The client's surgical dressing is clean and dry. Ecchymosis noted on the abdomen around the dressing. The client has a peripheral intravenous line in the right forearm and one in the left hand. The client also has a right subclavian central venous catheter that is infusing propofol and intravenous fluids.
heart rate 128 beats/minute
rhythm sinus tachycardia
respiratory rate 14 breaths/minute
oxygen saturation 100% on 40% fraction of inspired oxygen
temperature 96.9° F (36.1° C)
blood pressure 90/79 mm Hg
surgical dressing is clean and dry
Ecchymosis noted on the abdomen around the dressing
The Correct Answer is ["A","B","E","F","H"]
Heart Rate: 128 beats/min (Sinus Tachycardia): Sinus tachycardia can be a compensatory response to hypovolemia, internal bleeding, or pain. Given the liver and spleen lacerations identified on the CT scan and blood in the peritoneum, tachycardia may indicate ongoing hemorrhage or hypoperfusion.
Blood Pressure: 90/79 mmHg (Narrow Pulse Pressure): A pulse pressure of less than 40 mmHg suggests inadequate perfusion and possible hemorrhagic shock. The systolic blood pressure (90 mmHg) is at the lower limit of normal, but the diastolic pressure (79 mmHg) is elevated, which can indicate compensatory vasoconstriction due to hypovolemia. Immediate fluid resuscitation or blood transfusion may be required to prevent worsening shock.
Temperature: 96.9°F (36.1°C): Trauma clients, especially those with hemorrhage, are at risk for trauma triad of death (hypothermia, acidosis, coagulopathy) due to massive fluid shifts and blood loss. Even mild hypothermia can impair coagulation and worsen bleeding, requiring active warming measures (e.g., warm IV fluids, heated blankets).
Abdominal Ecchymosis and Hematoma: Significant bruising around the surgical dressing suggests ongoing internal bleeding or vascular injury.
Close monitoring is needed to assess for expanding hematoma, increased abdominal distension, or hemodynamic instability.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A: Return demonstration is the most effective way to evaluate learning for a psychomotor skill like insulin injection. Observing the adolescent perform the procedure ensures he can correctly and safely self-administer insulin, which directly evaluates the effectiveness of teaching.
B: Reviewing glycosylated hemoglobin levels 3 months later will not assess the immediate effectiveness of the teaching or the adolescent’s ability to perform insulin injections.
C: Listing steps assesses cognitive understanding, but does not verify the psychomotor skill, which is critical.
D: Asking about comfort level is important for emotional support but does not directly assess the technical competency required for insulin administration.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Cardiac tamponade is a life-threatening condition that requires urgent intervention, typically pericardiocentesis to relieve pressure on the heart. Immediate notification to the healthcare provider for preparation of this procedure is the priority.
B. Paradoxical blood pressure (a drop in systolic BP during inspiration) is a key sign of cardiac tamponade, but the most important action is to prepare for pericardiocentesis.
C. Jugular vein distention can be a sign of tamponade, but pericardiocentesis is the priority to address the underlying cause of the symptoms.
D. While monitoring oxygen saturation is important, it is not the most critical action in this emergency situation.
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