Neuropathy is nerve degeneration that results in delayed nerve conduction and impaired sensory function due to:
Thickening, sclerosis, obstruction, and ischemia of the vessels that supply nerve fibers.
Hyperglycemia
Thickening of blood.
Hypoglycemia
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: Neuropathy, particularly diabetic neuropathy, is often caused by the thickening, sclerosis (hardening), obstruction, and ischemia (reduced blood flow) of the small blood vessels that supply the nerves (vasa nervorum). This can lead to nerve degeneration, delayed nerve conduction, and impaired sensory function. Over time, high blood glucose levels can damage these small blood vessels, leading to neuropathy.
Choice B reason: While hyperglycemia (high blood glucose levels) is a major factor in the development of diabetic neuropathy, it is the resulting damage to the blood vessels supplying the nerves that directly causes the nerve degeneration and delayed conduction.
Choice C reason: Thickening of blood is not a direct cause of neuropathy. Neuropathy is more directly related to the damage and obstruction of the small blood vessels that supply the nerves.
Choice D reason: Hypoglycemia (low blood glucose levels) does not cause neuropathy. In fact, the acute effects of hypoglycemia are typically neurological symptoms such as confusion, seizures, and loss of consciousness. Chronic nerve damage, as seen in neuropathy, is usually due to prolonged hyperglycemia and its effects on blood vessels.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Micturition, or urination, is stimulated by the filling of the bladder. As the bladder fills with urine, stretch receptors in the bladder wall are activated. These receptors send signals to the brain, which then triggers the urge to urinate. When the bladder is full enough, the brain sends signals to the muscles of the bladder to contract and to the urethral sphincter to relax, allowing urine to be expelled from the body.
Choice B reason: Segmental movement refers to the rhythmic contractions and relaxations of segments of the intestine that help in the movement of contents along the gastrointestinal tract. It is not related to the process of micturition.
Choice C reason: Rectal filling is associated with the defecation reflex, not micturition. When the rectum fills with feces, stretch receptors in the rectal walls are activated, leading to the urge to defecate. This process is separate from the mechanisms involved in urination.
Choice D reason: Mass movements are large, strong contractions of the colon that move fecal matter toward the rectum, facilitating defecation. They are not involved in the process of micturition.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Fasting blood glucose measures the blood sugar level after an individual has not eaten for at least 8 hours. While it provides a snapshot of current blood glucose levels, it does not reflect long-term blood glucose control.
Choice B reason: Urinalysis can detect the presence of glucose or ketones in the urine, which can indicate poor blood glucose control. However, it does not provide a direct measure of blood glucose levels over time and is not the best predictor of long-term control.
Choice C reason: Feasting (postprandial) blood glucose measures blood sugar levels after eating. It can indicate how well the body manages glucose after a meal but does not provide information about overall blood glucose control over the previous few months.
Choice D reason: Hemoglobin A1C, also known as HbA1c, measures the percentage of glycated hemoglobin in the blood. It reflects the average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months. This test is considered the best predictor of long-term blood glucose control because it provides a comprehensive view of blood sugar management over an extended period. The normal range for HbA1c is typically below 5.7% for individuals without diabetes.
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