A pH of 7.5 is defined as:
Acidosis
Alkalemia
Acidemia
Alkalosis
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: Acidosis refers to a condition in which there is an excess of acid in the body, leading to a lower-than-normal pH. Typically, this means a pH level below 7.35. Acidosis can result from either an accumulation of acids or a loss of bicarbonate and can be classified into two types: metabolic and respiratory acidosis. This condition is the opposite of alkalosis.
Choice B reason: Alkalemia is a condition where the blood pH is higher than normal, indicating alkalinity. Alkalemia itself is not the correct term for the process or state but rather describes the elevated pH found in the blood. Alkalemia is typically diagnosed when blood pH exceeds 7.45, and it is indicative of the underlying process of alkalosis.
Choice C reason: Acidemia is characterized by an increased hydrogen ion concentration in the blood, leading to a lower-than-normal pH (below 7.35). Similar to acidosis, acidemia results from either an increase in acid production or a decrease in bicarbonate levels. It reflects the actual state of the blood pH rather than the process leading to the condition.
Choice D reason: Alkalosis refers to a condition where the body fluids have excess base (alkali) or a loss of acid, causing the pH to rise above the normal range. A pH of 7.5 falls into the category of alkalosis since it is above the normal pH range of 7.35-7.45. Alkalosis can be caused by factors such as excessive intake of alkaline substances, prolonged vomiting, or hyperventilation. It is essential to distinguish between the process (alkalosis) and the blood condition (alkalemia) to understand the physiological changes accurately.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Positive feedback mechanisms amplify changes or deviations in the body. They are less common in physiological processes and typically drive processes to completion, such as childbirth and blood clotting. The regulation of blood glucose levels does not operate on a positive feedback mechanism.
Choice B reason: Releasing hormones are typically involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and the regulation of hormone secretion from other endocrine glands. Examples include thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Insulin secretion in response to blood glucose levels is not directly controlled by releasing hormones.
Choice C reason: Negative feedback is the primary mechanism by which homeostasis is maintained in the body. When blood glucose levels rise, the pancreas secretes insulin to lower blood glucose levels, restoring them to normal. This is an example of negative feedback, as the increase in glucose levels triggers a response (insulin secretion) that counteracts the initial change, bringing blood glucose back to its set point.
Choice D reason: Ectopic hormones are hormones produced by tissues that normally do not produce hormones, often in cases of tumors or certain disease conditions. The regulation of insulin in response to blood glucose levels does not involve ectopic hormone production.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: A low blood glucose level is not a sign of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). In fact, DKA is characterized by high blood glucose levels due to a lack of insulin, which leads to the breakdown of fats for energy and the production of ketones.
Choice B reason: Ketonuria, or the presence of ketones in the urine, is a sign of DKA. It occurs when the body breaks down fats for energy instead of using glucose, leading to the production of ketones, which are then excreted in the urine.
Choice C reason: Dehydration is a common sign of DKA. High blood glucose levels lead to increased urination, which causes the body to lose fluids and electrolytes, resulting in dehydration.
Choice D reason: Kussmaul respirations are a sign of DKA. These are deep, labored breathing patterns that occur as the body attempts to compensate for the metabolic acidosis caused by high levels of ketones in the blood.
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