The diabetic ketoacidosis associated with insulin deficiency is related to:

Extracellular hyperglycemia

Hypoglycemia

Use of fat and protein as an energy source

Increased cellular metabolism of glucose

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason:

Extracellular hyperglycemia refers to high blood sugar levels outside the cells. While hyperglycemia is a common feature of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), it is not the direct cause of the condition. DKA occurs when the body cannot use glucose for energy due to a lack of insulin, leading to the breakdown of fat and protein for energy, which produces ketones and causes acidosis.

Choice B Reason:

Hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, is not associated with diabetic ketoacidosis. In fact, DKA is characterized by high blood sugar levels. Hypoglycemia is a separate condition that can occur in individuals with diabetes, particularly if they take too much insulin or skip meals.

Choice C Reason:

The use of fat and protein as an energy source is the primary mechanism behind diabetic ketoacidosis. When insulin is deficient, the body cannot utilize glucose for energy. As a result, it breaks down fat and protein to produce energy. This process generates ketones, which are acidic and lead to the development of ketoacidosis.

Choice D Reason:

Increased cellular metabolism of glucose is not related to diabetic ketoacidosis. In DKA, the problem is that cells cannot use glucose effectively due to a lack of insulin. Instead, the body resorts to breaking down fat and protein for energy, leading to the production of ketones and acidosis.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Monitor your child’s temperature daily: Monitoring temperature is important for children with sickle cell anemia as they are prone to infections. A fever can be an early sign of infection, which can be serious for these children. Normal body temperature for children ranges from 36.5°C to 38°C. However, while monitoring temperature is important, it is not the most critical daily advice compared to ensuring adequate hydration.

Choice B Reason:

Restrict outdoor play to 1 hour per day: Limiting outdoor play is not typically necessary unless the child is experiencing extreme fatigue or pain. Physical activity is generally encouraged to maintain overall health, but it should be balanced with rest and hydration. Therefore, this advice is not as crucial as ensuring the child stays hydrated.

Choice C Reason:

Apply cold compresses when your child expresses pain: Cold compresses are not recommended for managing pain in sickle cell anemia. Instead, warm compresses or heating pads are often suggested to help relieve pain by improving blood flow. Cold can cause vasoconstriction, which may worsen pain and complications.

Choice D Reason:

Offer your child fluids frequently to meet their daily fluid goals: Staying well-hydrated is essential for children with sickle cell anemia. Adequate hydration helps prevent sickle cell crises by reducing blood viscosity and promoting better blood flow. This is the most appropriate and critical advice for daily care.

A. Diffuse fibrin deposition in the microvasculature B. Deficiency in the production rate of globin chains C. An excessive destruction of platelets D. Bone marrow failure in which all elements are suppressed

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The correct answer is c. An excessive destruction of platelets.

Choice A: Diffuse fibrin deposition in the microvasculature

Diffuse fibrin deposition in the microvasculature is not characteristic of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). This description is more aligned with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), a condition where widespread clotting occurs within the blood vessels, leading to multiple organ damage.

Choice B: Deficiency in the production rate of globin chains

A deficiency in the production rate of globin chains is associated with thalassemia, a genetic blood disorder that affects the production of hemoglobin. This is not related to the pathology of immune thrombocytopenia.

Choice C: An excessive destruction of platelets

An excessive destruction of platelets is the hallmark of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). In ITP, the immune system mistakenly targets and destroys platelets, which are essential for blood clotting. This leads to a low platelet count and an increased risk of bleeding.

Choice D: Bone marrow failure in which all elements are suppressed

Bone marrow failure in which all elements are suppressed is characteristic of aplastic anemia, a condition where the bone marrow fails to produce sufficient blood cells. This is not related to immune thrombocytopenia.

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The diabetic ketoacidosis associated with insulin deficiency is related to:

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

You are preparing a child with sickle cell anemia for discharge after an acute crisis episode. Which of the following instructions is appropriate advice for the care of a child with sickle cell anemia?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Which describes the pathology of immune thrombocytopenia?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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