When caring for a child with probable appendicitis, the nurse would be alert to recognize which condition or symptom is a sign of perforation?

Decreased abdominal distention

Anorexia

Bradycardia

Sudden relief from pain

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason:

Decreased abdominal distention is not typically a sign of appendicitis perforation. In fact, perforation often leads to increased abdominal distention due to the release of intestinal contents into the abdominal cavity, causing inflammation and swelling. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.

Choice B reason:

Anorexia, or loss of appetite, is a common symptom of appendicitis but not specifically indicative of perforation2. While anorexia can be present in cases of perforation, it is not a definitive sign. The sudden relief of pain is a more critical indicator of perforation, as it suggests the appendix has ruptured, temporarily relieving pressure.

Choice C reason:

Bradycardia, or a slow heart rate, is not a typical sign of appendicitis perforation. In fact, appendicitis and its complications, such as perforation, are more likely to cause tachycardia (an increased heart rate) due to pain and infection. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.

Choice D reason:

Sudden relief from pain is a classic sign of appendicitis perforation. When the appendix ruptures, the pressure inside the appendix is relieved, leading to a temporary decrease in pain. However, this is followed by a rapid onset of severe pain as the contents of the appendix spread throughout the abdominal cavity, causing peritonitis. This sudden change in pain is a critical indicator that the appendix has perforated and requires immediate medical attention.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason:

A low-fat, low-carbohydrate diet is not specifically recommended for children with acute glomerulonephritis. The primary dietary concern for these children is managing fluid retention and blood pressure, which is more directly influenced by salt intake rather than fat or carbohydrate intake.

Choice B Reason:

Decreasing the number of calories in the child’s diet is not a primary recommendation for managing acute glomerulonephritis. While maintaining a healthy weight is important, the focus should be on reducing salt intake to manage edema and blood pressure.

Choice C Reason:

Avoiding salt is crucial for children with acute glomerulonephritis. Salt can lead to water retention, which exacerbates edema and can increase blood pressure. Therefore, it is important to limit salt intake to help manage these symptoms.

Choice D Reason:

Increasing the amount of protein in the diet is not recommended for children with acute glomerulonephritis. In fact, protein intake may need to be limited because the kidneys are less able to filter waste products from protein metabolism. Excessive protein can put additional strain on the kidneys.

Correct Answer is ["2"]

Explanation

Calculation Steps

Step 1: Determine the total urine output in mL.

Total urine output = 360 mL

Step 2: Determine the child’s weight in kg.

Weight = 15 kg

Step 3: Determine the time period in hours.

Time = 12 hours

Step 4: Calculate the urine output in mL/kg/hour.

Urine output (mL/kg/hour) = Total urine output ÷ (Weight × Time)

Step 5: Perform the multiplication inside the parentheses first.

Weight × Time = 15 kg × 12 hours = 180 kg·hours

Step 6: Perform the division.

Urine output (mL/kg/hour) = 360 mL ÷ 180 kg·hours = 2 mL/kg/hour

Result

The child’s urine output is 2 mL/kg/hour.

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When caring for a child with probable appendicitis, the nurse would be alert to recognize which condition or symptom is a sign of perforation?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is teaching the parent about the diet of a child experiencing severe edema associated with acute glomerulonephritis. Which information should the nurse include in the teaching?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A 15 kg child has a urine output of 360 mL during the past 12 hours. Calculate the child’s urine output in mL/kg/hour for this period of time. (Do not enter units).

Correct Answer is ["2"]

Explanation

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