Mr. Casper, a 55-year-old patient with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), consumes about 16 Tums antacid tablets daily. An Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) test is conducted to evaluate his acid/base balance. The results are as follows: pH 7.46, CO2 46, PO2 86, HCO3 29, SaO2 97%. What is the interpretation of these results?

Choice A rationale:
It is incorrect to state that the client will not be able to bathe with a central vascular access device.
While certain precautions are necessary to keep the device dry and clean during bathing, bathing is still possible and important for maintaining hygiene.
The nurse should provide specific instructions on how to protect the device during bathing, such as using a waterproof cover or avoiding direct water contact.
Choice B rationale:
It is inaccurate to claim that there is no risk of infection associated with a central vascular access device, even when sterile technique is used during insertion.
Infection is a serious potential complication, and it's crucial to emphasize ongoing infection prevention measures to the client.
The nurse should educate the client about signs and symptoms of infection to watch for and the importance of prompt reporting to healthcare providers.
Choice C rationale:
It is not always necessary to wear a sling on the arm with the central vascular access device.
The need for a sling may depend on the type of device, the client's condition, and the healthcare provider's recommendations.
If a sling is indicated, the nurse should provide instructions on proper use and care to maintain comfort and prevent complications.
Choice D rationale:
This is the correct statement to include in the client's teaching.
Thorough cleaning of the connections prior to accessing the device is essential for preventing infection.
The client should be empowered to advocate for themselves and ensure that all providers follow proper infection control procedures.

Rationale for Choice A:
While it's important for the primary healthcare provider to be informed about the CD4+ results, it's not the first action the nurse should take. The priority is to implement appropriate infection control measures to protect the patient, other patients, and healthcare staff.
CD4+ cell count is a crucial indicator of the patient's immune status. A count of 180/mm is significantly low, suggesting a weakened immune system and increased vulnerability to infections. However, informing the provider alone doesn't directly address the immediate need for infection control.
Rationale for Choice B:
Airborne Precautions are specifically used for patients with known or suspected airborne infections, such as tuberculosis, measles, or varicella. These precautions involve the use of negative pressure rooms and N95 respirators.
In this case, the patient's TB skin test was negative, indicating no evidence of active tuberculosis infection. Implementing Airborne Precautions unnecessarily could lead to excessive resource utilization and potential stigmatization of the patient.
Rationale for Choice C:
Droplet Precautions are used for patients with infections that can be spread through large respiratory droplets, such as influenza, pertussis, or meningococcal meningitis. These precautions involve the use of masks and eye protection.
While the patient's symptoms of fever, night sweats, and severe cough could be consistent with a droplet-spread infection, there's no definitive evidence to support this at the present time. Initiating Droplet Precautions without a clear indication could also lead to unnecessary resource use and potential anxiety for the patient.
Rationale for Choice D:
Standard Precautions are the foundation of infection control and should be used for all patients, regardless of their known or suspected infection status. These precautions include hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment (PPE) when indicated, and safe handling of sharps and bodily fluids.

By implementing Standard Precautions, the nurse can effectively minimize the risk of transmission of pathogens, protecting both the patient and other individuals in the healthcare setting. This is the most appropriate first action to ensure a safe and appropriate level of care.