Kathy is working in a mother-baby unit.
Which pain scale is used to determine if the baby is in pain?

Choice A rationale:
IM injections of pain medication may be contraindicated for patients who have small, poorly developed muscles. The rationale for this is that IM injections require adequate muscle mass to ensure proper absorption and distribution of the medication. If a patient has small, poorly developed muscles, the injection may not be as effective, and there's a risk of improper medication delivery, which can lead to reduced pain relief and potential complications.
Choice B rationale:
IM injections are not primarily contraindicated for patients based on their cognitive abilities. However, the patient's cognitive abilities may affect their ability to understand and follow instructions related to the injection process. It's essential for healthcare providers to ensure that the patient comprehends the procedure and can cooperate. Patients with cognitive impairments may require additional assistance or alternative methods of pain management, but it's not a direct contraindication to IM injections.
Choice C rationale:
Needing short-term pain management is not a contraindication for IM injections of pain medication. IM injections can be suitable for short-term pain relief, as they can provide relatively rapid and effective pain control. The choice of pain management method should depend on the specific circumstances and the patient's condition, but the duration of pain management needed is not a direct contraindication to IM injections.
Choice D rationale:
Having multiple drug allergies can be a concern when considering IM injections of pain medication, but it is not a direct contraindication. The healthcare provider should carefully assess the patient's allergies and select a medication that is safe and appropriate for the individual. In some cases, alternative routes of administration may be considered to avoid allergenic reactions. However, having multiple drug allergies alone does not necessarily contraindicate IM injections.

Choice A rationale:
Endorphins are capable of reducing pain in both physiological and psychological conditions, so this statement is inaccurate.
Choice B rationale:
Endorphins are often described as natural morphine-like compounds, but they are not enzymes. They are neuropeptides produced by the body, which bind to opioid receptors and act as natural painkillers.
Choice D rationale:
Endorphins can reduce pain in response to various stressors, whether they are physiological or psychological. They play a role in the body's response to stress and pain. Therefore, this statement is not accurate.