Insulin injection sites are rotated to prevent which complication to the tissues?

Leave the needle in place for at least 10 seconds before removing it to trap the medication in the muscle.

The Z-track method is a technique used to administer intramuscular injections that prevent leakage of medication into the subcutaneous tissue. The nurse should pull the skin laterally before inserting the needle, inject the medication slowly, leave the needle in place for at least 10 seconds, and release the skin after withdrawing the needle.

Choice A is wrong because the total volume of the injection is not limited to 1 milliliter in the Z-track method. The Z-track method can be used to administer up to 3 milliliters of medication depending on the site and muscle mass of the client.

Choice C is wrong because the needle size and gauge depend on the site, medication, and client characteristics, not on the Z-track method. The Z-track method can be performed with different needle sizes and gauges as long as they are appropriate for intramuscular injections.

Choice D is wrong because the nurse should not administer the medication rapidly in the Z- track method.

Rapid injection can cause pain, tissue damage, and leakage of medication into the subcutaneous tissue. The nurse should inject the medication slowly and steadily in the Z-track method.

The nurse should obtain a sputum culture specimen before administering any antibiotics to the client with bacterial pneumonia.

This is because the sputum culture can help identify the causative organism and the appropriate antibiotic therapy.

Administering antibiotics before obtaining the sputum culture can alter the results and lead to ineffective treatment.

Choice B is wrong because azithromycin is an antibiotic that should be given after obtaining the sputum culture.

Choice C is wrong because coughing and deep breathing are important interventions to promote airway clearance and gas exchange, but they are not the priority actions for this client.

Choice D is wrong because offering clear liquids can help prevent dehydration and thin secretions, but they are not the most urgent action for this client.

Normal ranges for blood urea nitrogen (BUN) are 7 to 20 mg/dL and for creatinine are 0.6 to

1.2 mg/dL.

Elevated levels of these substances can indicate renal impairment, which can be a complication of bacterial pneumonia.

The nurse should monitor these levels and report any abnormalities to the health care provider.