A nurse is teaching a client about the benefits of exercise.
The nurse knows teaching has been effective when the client lists which of the following health benefits of exercise? (Select all that apply).

Decreased sensory acuity. This is a physiological change that occurs in elderly people due to the reduced function of the sensory organs, such as the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and skin. Elderly people may experience impaired vision, hearing loss, reduced smell and taste, and decreased touch sensitivity.

Choice A is wrong because diminished attention span is not a normal physiological change in elderly people. It may be a sign of cognitive impairment or dementia.

Choice C is wrong because the increased need for rest is not a normal physiological change in elderly people. It may be a sign of fatigue, depression, or medical conditions.

Choice D is wrong because enhanced intestinal motility is not a normal physiological change in elderly people. It may be a sign of gastrointestinal disorders or infections.

These are natural respiratory defense mechanisms that help defend against infection.

Choice A is correct because cilia lining the respiratory tract sweep debris upward in mucus to be swallowed.

This prevents pathogens and particles from reaching the lungs.

Choice B is wrong because the respiratory tract does not cool and dry the air being inhaled. In fact, the respiratory tract warms and humidifies the air to facilitate gas exchange.

Choice C is correct because cells in the respiratory tract secrete lysozymes that can destroy certain bacteria.

Lysozymes are enzymes that break down the cell walls of bacteria.

Choice D is correct because macrophages engulf and destroy bacteria found in the alveoli. Macrophages are a type of white blood cell that act as scavengers of foreign invaders.

Choice E is wrong because high concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide do not aid the defense mechanisms.

On the contrary, high levels of these gases can impair gas exchange and cause acid-base imbalance.