Which statement, if made by an older client diagnosed with urinary incontinence, indicates a need for further teaching?

The client practices meditation for 20 minutes once a day. This is an example of an adaptive coping strategy, which is a cognitive or behavioral effort to manage stressful conditions or associated emotional distress.

Meditation can help reduce tension, enhance relaxation, and promote well-being.

Choice A is wrong because the client consumes 3 glasses of wine after a stressful day at work. This is an example of an avoidance coping strategy, which is an attempt to reduce stress by avoiding dealing directly with the problem.

Alcohol consumption can have negative effects on physical and mental health, and does not address the source of stress.

Choice C is wrong because the client keeps all unresolved conflict to themselves. This is an example of an emotion-focused coping strategy, which is an attempt to regulate the emotional distress caused by a stressor.

However, this strategy can be maladaptive if it involves suppressing or denying emotions, which can lead to increased psychological distress and poor interpersonal relationships.

Choice D is wrong because the client consumes a half gallon of ice cream after an argument with a coworker. This is another example of an avoidance coping strategy, which is an attempt to reduce stress by avoiding dealing directly with the problem.

Ice cream consumption can have negative effects on physical health, such as obesity and diabetes, and does not address the source of stress.

A back massage is a type of cutaneous stimulation that can help reduce pain by activating the gate control theory of pain. Cutaneous stimulation is a non-pharmacological intervention that can be delegated to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) or nursing assistive personnel (NAP) under the supervision of a registered nurse.

Choice A is wrong because assessing pain status requires critical thinking and clinical judgment, which are skills that only registered nurses have. Pain assessment is not a task that can be delegated to UAP/NAP.

Choice B is wrong because administering a placebo is a type of pharmacological intervention that involves giving a substance that has no therapeutic effect. Placebos are unethical and ineffective for pain management and should not be used by any health care provider.

Choice C is wrong because reviewing a pain diary involves evaluating the patient’s response to pain interventions and adjusting the plan of care accordingly. This is a complex task that requires nursing knowledge and skills and cannot be delegated to UAP/NAP.