In which disease process should a nurse expect to see a client with the presence of pitting edema?
Liver Disease
Diabetes mellitus
End Stage Renal Disease
Colon Cancer
The Correct Answer is A
(a) Liver Disease:
Pitting edema is commonly seen in liver disease, especially in conditions like cirrhosis. Liver disease can lead to hypoalbuminemia, where low levels of albumin in the blood cause fluid to leak into the interstitial spaces, resulting in edema. Additionally, liver disease often leads to portal hypertension, which can also contribute to the development of edema.
(b) Diabetes mellitus:
While diabetes can cause complications such as diabetic nephropathy, which may lead to fluid retention, pitting edema is not a primary symptom directly associated with diabetes mellitus. Diabetic patients may develop edema due to kidney issues, but it is not as directly associated as with liver disease.
(c) End Stage Renal Disease:
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) can indeed cause significant fluid retention and edema, including pitting edema. The kidneys' inability to excrete excess fluid leads to its accumulation in tissues. However, the question seems to point towards liver disease, which directly leads to conditions causing pitting edema.
(d) Colon Cancer:
Colon cancer is not typically associated with pitting edema. While advanced cancer can lead to various complications, including fluid imbalances, it is not a primary cause of pitting edema. Edema related to cancer is often more localized and associated with tumor sites or treatment areas.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. 20 represents the distance you are placed from the chart and 40 represents the distance a normal eye reads the chart:
This is correct. The first number (20) represents the distance in feet the patient is from the Snellen chart. The second number (40) indicates the distance at which a person with normal vision can read the same line. Therefore, 20/40 means that what the patient can read at 20 feet, a person with normal vision can read at 40 feet.
B. 20 represents the distance a normal eye can read and 40 represents the distance your eye reads the chart:
This is incorrect. The first number should represent the distance the patient is from the chart, not the normal eye's reading distance.
C. 20 represents the distance you are placed from the chart and 40 represents the distance your eye reads the chart:
This is incorrect. While the first number is correct (the distance from the chart), the second number should represent the distance a person with normal vision can read the same line, not the patient's distance.
D. 40 represents the distance you are placed from the chart and 20 represents the distance a normal eye reads the chart:
This is incorrect. The standard for visual acuity measurements is that the first number represents the testing distance (usually 20 feet), and the second number represents the distance at which a normal eye can read the line.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Acanthosis Nigricans:
Acanthosis nigricans is characterized by dark, velvety patches of skin, often found in body folds such as the neck, armpits, and groin. It does not present as the yellow discoloration seen in the photo.
B. Cyanosis:
Cyanosis is a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to inadequate oxygenation of the blood. The image shows yellow discoloration, not the blue tint associated with cyanosis.
C. Jaundice:
Jaundice is indicated by a yellowish tint to the skin and sclera due to elevated bilirubin levels, commonly associated with liver dysfunction. The photo clearly shows this yellow discoloration, consistent with jaundice, often seen in chronic alcoholics with liver disease.
D. Carotenemia:
Carotenemia presents as a yellow-orange discoloration of the skin, especially on the palms and soles, due to high levels of carotene in the blood. It does not typically affect the sclera, which differentiates it from jaundice. The uniform yellowing of the skin and eyes in the photo aligns more with jaundice.
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