A client describes a 3-week history of hoarseness. The client also reports feeling fatigue and noticeable weight gain over the past month. Which cause should the nurse consider as most likely?

Hypothyroidism

Gingivitis

Aphthous ulcers

Dysphagia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice a reason:
Hypothyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones. This can lead to a variety of symptoms, including hoarseness, fatigue, and weight gain. The hoarseness can be due to the effect of hormone deficiency on the vocal cords, while fatigue and weight gain are common due to the slowed metabolism associated with hypothyroidism.

Choice b reason:
Gingivitis is inflammation of the gums and does not typically cause hoarseness, fatigue, or weight gain. It is more commonly associated with symptoms like red, swollen gums and bleeding during brushing or flossing.

Choice c reason:
Aphthous ulcers, also known as canker sores, are small, shallow lesions that develop on the soft tissues in the mouth or at the base of the gums. While they can be painful and cause difficulty with eating and speaking, they do not cause systemic symptoms such as hoarseness, fatigue, or weight gain.

Choice d reason:
Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, can lead to hoarseness if there is an associated throat disorder. However, it is not typically associated with systemic symptoms like fatigue and weight gain unless it is part of a broader condition that affects the body's metabolism or energy levels.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A Reason:
Angular cheilitis is characterized by inflammation of one or both corners of the mouth. It often presents as red, swollen patches in the corners of the mouth and can be associated with fungal or bacterial infection. However, it does not typically cause vesicular eruptions, which are more indicative of viral infections like herpes simplex.

Choice B Reason:
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is known for causing vesicular eruptions, commonly referred to as cold sores or fever blisters, around the lips and mouth area. These eruptions are fluid-filled blisters that can be painful and are highly indicative of an HSV infection, particularly HSV type 1, which commonly affects the oral region.

Choice C Reason:
Angioedema involves the rapid swelling of the deeper layers of the skin, often seen with hives. While it can affect the lips and surrounding areas, it does not cause vesicular eruptions. Angioedema is more associated with allergic reactions and can be part of anaphylaxis, a severe systemic reaction.

A. Temperature B. Vibrations C. Pulses D. Fremitus

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A Reason:
The dorsal aspect of the hand, rather than the finger pads, is more sensitive to temperature due to its thinner skin. Therefore, while the finger pads can detect temperature, they are not the best tool for this purpose.

Choice B Reason:
Vibrations, such as those produced by vocal fremitus, are typically assessed using the ulnar edge or the palmar aspect of the hand, not the finger pads. The finger pads are sensitive but do not provide the best surface for detecting vibrations.

Choice C Reason:
The finger pads are densely innervated and are the most sensitive part of the hand, making them ideal for palpating pulses. Pulses are subtle and require a fine touch to assess properly, which is why the finger pads are the preferred area for this assessment.

Choice D Reason:
Fremitus refers to the palpable vibrations transmitted through the bronchopulmonary tree to the chest wall as someone speaks. It is best felt with the ball of the hand or the ulnar edge, not the finger pads.

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A client describes a 3-week history of hoarseness. The client also reports feeling fatigue and noticeable weight gain over the past month. Which cause should the nurse consider as most likely?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

During the physical examination of the mouth, the nurse identifies vesicular eruptions along the client's lips and surrounding skin. Which problem should the nurse document?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The nurse is using the finger pads of the hand to palpate a body part. Which finding would the nurse be best able to detect?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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