In assessing a client with skin ulcers on the lower extremity, which findings indicate that the ulcers are likely to be of venous, rather than arterial, origin?

Absent pedal pulses and shiny skin.

Irregular ulcer shapes and severe edema.

Hairless lower extremities and cool feet.

Black ulcers and dependent rubor.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

B. Severe edema is a common finding in venous insufficiency and is often present in the lower extremities. Venous hypertension leads to fluid leakage from capillaries, resulting in edema, which contributes to the development of venous ulcers. Venous ulcers typically have irregular shapes with irregular wound margins and may appear shallow or superficial.
A. Absent pedal pulses suggest arterial insufficiency, as reduced blood flow compromises peripheral circulation. Shiny skin, known as "thinning of the skin," is a characteristic finding in arterial insufficiency due to chronic ischemia and tissue hypoxia.
C. Hair loss on the lower extremities is a common finding in arterial insufficiency due to decreased blood flow to the hair follicles.
D. Black ulcers (gangrene) are indicative of tissue necrosis resulting from severe arterial insufficiency and lack of oxygen supply to the tissues. Dependent rubor refers to redness of the lower extremities when the legs are in a dependent position.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

B. Creatinine is a waste product of muscle metabolism that is filtered by the kidneys. Elevated serum creatinine levels may indicate impaired kidney function. Since contrast agents can affect renal function, a serum creatinine level above the reference range should be reported to the healthcare provider before the MRI with contrast.

A. While elevated blood sugar levels may indicate diabetes or poor glycemic control, they are not directly related to kidney function or the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy. Therefore, this value is not the most pertinent for reporting before an MRI with contrast.
C.Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) reflects average blood glucose levels over the past two to three months and is used to assess long-term glycemic control in diabetes. While elevated HbA1c levels suggest poor diabetes management, they do not directly assess kidney function or the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy.
D. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels reflect the amount of urea nitrogen in the blood and can indicate kidney function. Elevated BUN levels may suggest impaired renal function. However, an elevated serum creatinine is a more reliable marker for renal excretion.

A. Hepatorenal failure. B. Acute pancreatitis. C. Biliary duct obstruction. D. Surgical site infection.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

B. Acute pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas that can cause severe upper abdominal pain, which may radiate to the back, fever, and vomiting. Elevated serum amylase and lipase levels are characteristic laboratory findings in acute pancreatitis, indicating pancreatic injury or inflammation. The client's symptoms and laboratory results are consistent with acute pancreatitis.
A. Hepatorenal failure, also known as hepatorenal syndrome, is a serious complication of advanced liver disease where there is progressive renal failure in the setting of liver dysfunction. While hepatorenal syndrome can present with symptoms such as abdominal pain, fever, and vomiting, it is not typically associated with significantly elevated serum amylase and lipase levels.
C. Biliary duct obstruction occurs when there is a blockage in the bile ducts, leading to impaired flow of bile from the liver to the small intestine. While biliary duct obstruction can cause symptoms such as upper abdominal pain and vomiting, it is not typically associated with significantly elevated serum amylase and lipase levels.
D. While surgical site infection is a potential complication following cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal surgery), it typically presents with symptoms such as wound redness, swelling, warmth, and purulent drainage from the incision site.

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In assessing a client with skin ulcers on the lower extremity, which findings indicate that the ulcers are likely to be of venous, rather than arterial, origin?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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