A family suspects that AIDS dementia is occurring in their adult child who is HIV positive. Which symptom confirms the suspicion?

Exhibits angry outbursts when the subject of dying is approached.

Increased intervals of sleep 18 out of 24 hours.

A change has recently occurred in handwriting.

Refuses to see friends or to return their phone calls.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

C. One of the hallmark features of ADC is the development of cognitive impairment, including changes in memory, concentration, and problem-solving abilities. The change in handwriting (graphomotor impairment) is a specific neurological symptom that may indicate cognitive dysfunction and is consistent with the diagnosis of AIDS dementia.
A. This symptom suggests emotional distress or mood disturbances, which can occur in individuals with HIV/AIDS due to the psychological impact of the diagnosis and the uncertainty surrounding the disease progression. However, it is not specific to AIDS dementia
B. Increased sleepiness or hypersomnia can occur in individuals with AIDS dementia due to disruptions in sleep-wake cycles and alterations in brain function. However, increased sleepiness alone is not specific to AIDS dementia
D. Social withdrawal or isolation can occur in individuals with HIV/AIDS due to various reasons, including stigma, depression, or physical symptoms. However, it is not specific to AIDS dementia.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Clients receiving thrombolytic therapy are at an increased risk of bleeding, which can manifest as internal bleeding, hemorrhage at vascular access sites, gastrointestinal bleeding, or intracranial bleeding. The nurse's priority is to closely monitor the client for signs and symptoms of bleeding, such as sudden onset or worsening of headache, changes in level of consciousness, hematuria, melena, ecchymosis, or hematoma formation.
B. While activity intolerance is a common nursing diagnosis for clients following an acute myocardial infarction due to myocardial ischemia, it is not the priority in this case where the client is actively receiving thrombolytic therapy.
C. While respiratory complications can occur following thrombolytic therapy, such as pulmonary embolism or bleeding into the lungs, the risk of bleeding complications takes precedence as the priority nursing problem for this client.
D. Education about the new medication regimen is important for client understanding and adherence, but it is not the priority nursing problem in the immediate post-thrombolytic therapy period.

A. An acutely distended bladder. B. Profuse forehead diaphoresis. C. Skeletal traction misalignment. D. A severe pounding headache.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. One of the most common triggers is a distended bladder. When the bladder becomes full, it sends signals to the spinal cord, but due to the injury, these signals are unable to pass beyond the level of injury. This results in uncontrolled sympathetic activation, leading to symptoms such as hypertension, sweating, and headache.
B. Forehead diaphoresis, or sweating, is a potential symptom of autonomic dysreflexia. However, it is more of a consequence rather than a precipitating factor. It occurs as a result of sympathetic nervous system activation in response to the triggering stimulus.
C. Skeletal traction misalignment is not a common precipitating factor for autonomic dysreflexia. Autonomic dysreflexia is typically triggered by stimuli related to visceral or autonomic reflexes, such as bladder distention or bowel impaction, rather than mechanical issues like traction misalignment.
D. A severe pounding headache can occur as a symptom of autonomic dysreflexia, but it is not the primary precipitating factor. The headache is a result of the sudden increase in blood pressure that occurs during autonomic dysreflexia.

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A family suspects that AIDS dementia is occurring in their adult child who is HIV positive. Which symptom confirms the suspicion?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is caring for a client receiving thrombolytic therapy following an acute myocardial infarction (MI). Which nursing problem should the nurse identify as priority for this client?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A client with a cervical spinal injury (C7) is experiencing autonomic dysreflexia. The nurse should first assess the client for which precipitating factor?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A client asks the nurse for information about how to reduce risk factors for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Which information should the nurse provide?

A client experiencing a sudden onset of confusion and trouble speaking at home is transported to the emergency department. The client does not understand simple commands and appears very frustrated. Which intervention should the nurse perform in the immediate management of the client?

The nurse is caring for a client who had an appendectomy 4 hours ago. Which finding requires immediate action by the nurse?

A client is hospitalized with an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) exacerbation and is being treated with a corticosteroid. The client develops a rigid abdomen with rebound lendemess. Which action should the nurse take?

Patient Data Exhibits What finding(s) are cues for a respiratory problem? Select all that apply.

A client who fractured the right femur from a fall at home is placed in traction while awaiting surgery. When the client informs the nurse of the need to urinate, which intervention should the nurse implement?

The nurse is obtaining the admission history for a client with suspected peptic ulcer disease (PUD). Which subjective data reported by the client supports this disease process?

In assessing a client with skin ulcers on the lower extremity, which findings indicate that the ulcers are likely to be of venous, rather than arterial, origin?