A family suspects that AIDS dementia is occurring in their adult child who is HIV positive. Which symptom confirms the suspicion?

Exhibits angry outbursts when the subject of dying is approached.

Increased intervals of sleep 18 out of 24 hours.

A change has recently occurred in handwriting.

Refuses to see friends or to return their phone calls.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

C. One of the hallmark features of ADC is the development of cognitive impairment, including changes in memory, concentration, and problem-solving abilities. The change in handwriting (graphomotor impairment) is a specific neurological symptom that may indicate cognitive dysfunction and is consistent with the diagnosis of AIDS dementia.
A. This symptom suggests emotional distress or mood disturbances, which can occur in individuals with HIV/AIDS due to the psychological impact of the diagnosis and the uncertainty surrounding the disease progression. However, it is not specific to AIDS dementia
B. Increased sleepiness or hypersomnia can occur in individuals with AIDS dementia due to disruptions in sleep-wake cycles and alterations in brain function. However, increased sleepiness alone is not specific to AIDS dementia
D. Social withdrawal or isolation can occur in individuals with HIV/AIDS due to various reasons, including stigma, depression, or physical symptoms. However, it is not specific to AIDS dementia.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

D. Frequent mouth care helps maintain oral hygiene, reduces the risk of infection, and provides comfort to the client by removing debris and soothing irritated tissues.
A. Administering a topical analgesic may provide pain relief, but it should be done in accordance with the healthcare facility's protocol and after assessing the client's oral mucosa for any contraindications or precautions.
B. Cleaning the tongue and mouth with swabs can cause further irritation to the already sore oral tissues.
C. Obtaining a soft diet for the client is appropriate for minimizing trauma to the oral mucosa, but it may not address the immediate discomfort experienced by the client.

A. Implement distraction techniques. B. Assess right radial pulse volume. C. Administer a PRN analgesic. D. Measure the blood pressure.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

B. An increase in pain after cast placement could indicate complications such as compartment syndrome, which is a serious condition that occurs when increased pressure within a confined space (such as the area within the cast) compromises circulation and tissue perfusion. Assessing the radial pulse volume on the affected arm is crucial to evaluate perfusion distal to the fracture site.
A. Distraction technique may help manage the client's pain but does not address the underlying cause of the pain increase, which could be related to compromised circulation.
C. Analgesics relieve pain but do not address the immediate limb threatening issue at hand.
D. Measuring blood pressure is not directly related to assessing circulation distal to the fracture site.

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A family suspects that AIDS dementia is occurring in their adult child who is HIV positive. Which symptom confirms the suspicion?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is caring for a client with chemotherapy induced mucositis who is describing soreness of the tongue and oral tissues. Which is the best initial nursing action?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A client with a right ulnar fracture and cast placement reports an increase in arm pain. Which action should the nurse take next?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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