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What factors are important in determining level of hypoxemia that the child may have experienced during the submersion? Select all that apply.

A.

Oxygen concentration of the ambient air

B.

Temperature of water

C.

The weight of the child

D.

The amount of time the child was submerged

E.

Whether or not anyone witnessed the fall into the pool

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,D

A. Oxygen Concentration of the Ambient Air
The oxygen concentration of the ambient air affects how much oxygen the child could have been exposed to once retrieved from the pool. If the child was submerged in water, the ability to access oxygen from the environment was compromised, which contributes to the level of hypoxemia experienced. Ambient air oxygen concentration is a crucial factor in determining how long it might take for hypoxemia to develop or improve after submersion.
B. Temperature of Water
The temperature of the water affects the child’s physiology during submersion. Cold water can lead to a more rapid decrease in core body temperature and can influence the child’s respiratory and cardiovascular responses, potentially affecting the degree of hypoxemia.
C. The Weight of the Child
The weight of the child does not significantly impact the level of hypoxemia experienced during submersion. While it might influence the child’s ability to stay afloat or the rescue process, it does not directly affect hypoxemia levels.
D. The Amount of Time the Child Was Submerged
The duration of submersion is a critical factor in determining the level of hypoxemia. Longer submersion times result in more significant oxygen deprivation and a greater degree of hypoxemia, which can impact the severity of respiratory and cardiac complications.
E. Whether or Not Anyone Witnessed the Fall into the Pool
While witnessing the fall might be relevant for understanding the context of the incident, it does not directly affect the level of hypoxemia experienced during the submersion. The key factors are related to the conditions and duration of the submersion itself
 


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"E","dropdown-group-2":"F","dropdown-group-3":"D"}

Explanation

  1. Dark Room Lighting
    Consistent with Elder Mistreatment: A dark, uninviting environment can indicate neglect or lack of proper care. It may reflect poor living conditions or neglect of the client's environment, which can be a sign of mistreatment.
  2. Malnutrition
    Consistent with Elder Mistreatment: The client’s low weight (98 lb) relative to her height (5 ft 4 in) suggests potential malnutrition. Malnutrition can be a sign of neglect, as the client might not be receiving adequate food or nutrition, which is a form of mistreatment.
  3. Pressure Injuries
    Consistent with Elder Mistreatment: Although the pressure injuries have closed, the presence of Stage II pressure ulcers in the past indicates a lack of proper care and attention to the client’s needs. Pressure ulcers are a common sign of neglect in care settings.

Not Consistent with Elder Mistreatment

  • Poor Hygiene
    Not Consistent: The client appears clean and healthy with no issues in skin condition or oral hygiene, so this is not a sign of mistreatment.
  • Bilateral Leg Edema
    Not Consistent: While edema might be a concern in heart failure management, it is not specifically indicative of elder mistreatment.
  • Short Term Memory Loss
    Not Consistent: Short-term memory loss is not necessarily a sign of mistreatment; it could be related to aging or medical conditions.

Correct Answer is A,B,C,D

Explanation

A. Exposing the left side of the chest is the first step to access the area where the apical pulse is assessed. This step ensures that the nurse has clear access to the chest for auscultation.

B. Locating the point of maximal impulse (PMI) is the next step once the chest is exposed. The PMI, typically located at the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line, is where the heart’s apex is closest to the chest wall.

C. Positioning the diaphragm of the stethoscope on the PMI is the step where the actual auscultation begins. The diaphragm is used to listen for heart sounds.

D. Listening for heart sounds at the PMI is the final step to assess the apical heart rate. This step completes the assessment by allowing the PN to count the heart rate and evaluate the rhythm.

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