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Exhibits

The client has started to wake up more, opening her eyes without stimulation and looking around the room.

Which should the nurse do as the client becomes more aware of her surroundings? Select all that apply.

Assess the client's pain

Increase the propofol infusion

Notify the social worker the client is awake.

Have the client sign consent forms for procedures already performed

Consider extubating the client

Determine the client's decision-making ability

Decrease the noise and light stimuli in the room as much as possible

Explain all procedures

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,F,G,H

A. Assess the client's pain: The client has experienced significant trauma, undergone surgery, and may be in pain or discomfort as she regains consciousness. Pain assessment is crucial for adequate pain management and to prevent agitation or hemodynamic instability.
B. Increase the propofol infusion: Increasing sedation should not be the first response. Instead, assess the client’s pain and agitation, and if necessary, adjust sedation based on clinical need and provider recommendations.
C. Notify the social worker the client is awake: A social worker may be involved in care planning, but waking up does not require immediate notification.
D. Have the client sign consent forms for procedures already performed: If the client was incapacitated at the time of previous procedures, consent was likely obtained from a legal surrogate. Retroactive consent is not legally valid.
E. Consider extubating the client: The decision to extubate should be based on respiratory assessments, arterial blood gas (ABG) results, and overall stability, not just the client waking up.
F. Determine the client’s decision-making ability: As the client becomes more aware, it is important to assess cognitive function and orientation to determine if she can participate in decisions regarding her care. If the client is alert and coherent, she may be able to provide informed consent for further treatments.
G. Decrease the noise and light stimuli in the room as much as possible: Critically ill patients can become disoriented and agitated as they wake up. A calm environment helps reduce stress and delirium, improving recovery and promoting rest.
H. Explain all procedures: The client is waking up in an unfamiliar environment (intubated in the ICU), which can be frightening and disorienting. Explaining procedures provides reassurance and can help reduce anxiety and agitation.

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Correct Answer is []

Explanation

Potential condition:

TACO is a complication that can occur during or shortly after a blood transfusion, particularly in children. It happens when the volume of blood infused exceeds the circulatory system's ability to handle it, leading to fluid overload. In this case, the child is receiving 250 mL of packed red blood cells (PRBCs), and there are signs that the child may be experiencing fluid overload, such as tachycardia, hypotension, headache, and flushing. The elevated heart rate (115 beats/minute) and low blood pressure (88/44 mm Hg) after the transfusion started suggest that the child may be at risk for circulatory overload. These symptoms, combined with the increased temperature (100.9°F, 38.3°C), further support the likelihood of TACO.

Actions to Take:

Stop the blood transfusion: This is the first and most important step when transfusion-related complications, such as TACO, are suspected. Stopping the transfusion immediately helps to prevent further exacerbation of the fluid overload, which could lead to worsening respiratory distress and circulatory compromise.

Administer an antipyretic: The child has developed a fever (100.9°F), which could be a response to the transfusion. Administering an antipyretic such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help manage the fever, provide comfort, and prevent further complications. Fever management is important, especially in transfusion reactions, as it helps reduce the risk of complications such as febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reactions (FNHTR).

Parameters to Monitor:

Blood pressure: Monitoring the blood pressure is critical in assessing the child’s circulatory status. A low blood pressure (88/44 mm Hg), especially in the context of tachycardia, indicates that the child is experiencing hypotension, which is often associated with circulatory overload. Close monitoring of blood pressure will help guide the decision to start appropriate treatments, such as diuretics, to manage the overload.

Hematocrit: The hematocrit value provides information about the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. Given that the child’s hemoglobin was 6.5 g/dL (65 g/L) prior to the transfusion, it’s important to continue monitoring the hematocrit to assess the effectiveness of the PRBC transfusion. If the hematocrit remains low despite transfusion, it could indicate an ongoing issue with blood volume or oxygen delivery to tissues.

A. Administer a PRN dose of regular insulin. B. Give the client 4 ounces (120 mL) of orange juice. C. Provide the client with 1/2 cup (120 mL) diet carbonated soda. D. Obtain blood pressure and heart rate. E. Check the client's current fingerstick blood glucose.

Correct Answer is ["B","D","E"]

Explanation

A. Administering insulin would be inappropriate if the client is hypoglycemic, as it would further lower the blood glucose.

B. Giving 4 ounces (120 mL) of orange juice provides a fast-acting source of glucose to treat hypoglycemia, which is likely causing confusion and weakness.

C. A diet carbonated soda contains artificial sweeteners and may not provide the immediate glucose needed in this situation.

D. Checking blood pressure and heart rate is important to assess for potential causes of the symptoms.

E. A fingerstick blood glucose test is necessary to confirm if hypoglycemia is the cause of the symptoms.

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Exhibits The client has started to wake up more, opening her eyes without stimulation and looking around the room. Which should the nurse do as the client becomes more aware of her surroundings? Select all that apply.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is []

Explanation

A client newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus suddenly becomes confused and weak. Which intervention(s) should the nurse implement? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer is ["B","D","E"]

Explanation

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Exhibits

The client has started to wake up more, opening her eyes without stimulation and looking around the room.

Which should the nurse do as the client becomes more aware of her surroundings? Select all that apply.