What are possible complications of prematurity in babies? Select all that apply. (Select All that Apply.).
Cerebral palsy
Color blindness
Learning disabilities
Retinopathy
Apnea
Correct Answer : A,C,D,E
Choice A reason:
Cerebral palsy is a disorder that affects movement, posture, and muscle tone. It can be caused by brain damage that occurs before, during, or after birth. Premature babies are at a higher risk of developing cerebral palsy because they are more likely to have bleeding in the brain, lack of oxygen to the brain, infections or other complications that can damage the brain.
Choice B reason:
Color blindness is a condition that affects the ability to see colors or differences in colors. It is usually inherited and not related to prematurity. However, some premature babies may develop retinopathy of prematurity, which can affect their vision in other ways.
Choice C reason:
Learning disabilities are problems that affect the ability to learn, read, write, speak or do math. They can be caused by genetic factors, environmental factors or brain injuries.
Premature babies are more likely to have learning disabilities because they are more likely to have brain damage, low birth weight, infections or other complications that can affect their brain development.
Choice D reason:
Retinopathy is a disease that affects the blood vessels in the retina, the light-sensitive layer of tissue at the back of the eye. Retinopathy of prematurity is a condition that occurs when the blood vessels in the retina grow abnormally in premature babies. This can cause bleeding, scarring or detachment of the retina, which can lead to vision loss or blindness.
Choice E reason:
Apnea is a condition that causes pauses in breathing during sleep. Apnea of prematurity is a condition that affects premature babies who have not fully developed their nervous system and respiratory system. This can cause them to stop breathing for more than 20 seconds at a time, which can lower their oxygen levels and heart rate.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","E","F"]
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Moro is a newborn reflex that occurs when the baby is startled by a loud sound or movement. The baby will cry, throw back his or her head, and then pull his or her limbs into the body. This reflex lasts until the baby is about 2 months old.
Choice B reason:
Rooting is a newborn reflex that starts when the corner of the baby's mouth is stroked or touched. The baby will turn his or her head and open his or her mouth to follow and root in the direction of the stroking. This helps the baby find the breast or bottle to start feeding. This reflex lasts about 4 months.
Choice C reason:
Gag is a newborn reflex that prevents the baby from choking on foreign objects. The baby will cough, gag or spit out anything that touches the back of the throat or the roof of the mouth. This reflex is present throughout life.
Choice D reason:
Running is not a newborn reflex. It is a voluntary movement that develops later in childhood. Choice E reason:
Babinski is a newborn reflex that occurs when the sole of the foot is stroked from heel to toe. The baby will fan out and curl up the toes and twist the foot inward. This reflex lasts until the baby is about 12 months old.
Choice F reason:
Stepping is a newborn reflex that occurs when the baby is held upright with his or her feet touching a solid surface. The baby will appear to take steps or dance. This reflex lasts about 2 months.
Choice G reason:
The crawling reflex is a developmental milestone observed in infants around 6-8 months of age. It involves the baby moving on their hands and knees, often starting with a belly-crawling motion. Unlike newborn reflexes, this skill is learned and requires muscle coordination and strength.
Choice H reason:
Standing with support is a developmental milestone typically achieved by infants around 9-12 months. In this skill, the baby pulls themselves up to a standing position while holding onto furniture or a caregiver’s hands. It is a learned behavior reflecting increased muscle strength and balance, distinct from newborn reflexes.
Choice I reason:
The pincer grasp is a fine motor skill that usually develops between 8-12 months. It involves the baby using the thumb and index finger to pick up small objects. This ability is not a reflex but a learned skill that demonstrates improved hand-eye coordination and dexterity.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Smoking is the most significant risk factor for clubfoot, according to several studies that have found a strong association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and the occurrence of clubfoot in the offspring. Smoking may affect the development of the muscles and tendons in the fetus, leading to abnormal positioning of the foot.
Choice B reason:
Trauma during pregnancy is not a significant risk factor for clubfoot, as there is no evidence that physical injury to the mother or the fetus can cause this deformity. Clubfoot is a congenital condition that is present at birth and usually detected by prenatal ultrasound.
Choice C reason:
Hypertension is not a significant risk factor for clubfoot, as there is no evidence that high blood pressure in the mother or the fetus can cause this deformity. Clubfoot is a congenital condition that is present at birth and usually detected by prenatal ultrasound.
Choice D reason:
Decreased circulation is not a significant risk factor for clubfoot, as there is no evidence that poor blood flow to the mother or the fetus can cause this deformity. Clubfoot is a congenital condition that is present at birth and usually detected by prenatal ultrasound.
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