What are possible complications of prematurity in babies? Select all that apply. (Select All that Apply.).
Cerebral palsy
Color blindness
Learning disabilities
Retinopathy
Apnea
Correct Answer : A,C,D,E
Choice A reason:
Cerebral palsy is a disorder that affects movement, posture, and muscle tone. It can be caused by brain damage that occurs before, during, or after birth. Premature babies are at a higher risk of developing cerebral palsy because they are more likely to have bleeding in the brain, lack of oxygen to the brain, infections or other complications that can damage the brain.
Choice B reason:
Color blindness is a condition that affects the ability to see colors or differences in colors. It is usually inherited and not related to prematurity. However, some premature babies may develop retinopathy of prematurity, which can affect their vision in other ways.
Choice C reason:
Learning disabilities are problems that affect the ability to learn, read, write, speak or do math. They can be caused by genetic factors, environmental factors or brain injuries.
Premature babies are more likely to have learning disabilities because they are more likely to have brain damage, low birth weight, infections or other complications that can affect their brain development.
Choice D reason:
Retinopathy is a disease that affects the blood vessels in the retina, the light-sensitive layer of tissue at the back of the eye. Retinopathy of prematurity is a condition that occurs when the blood vessels in the retina grow abnormally in premature babies. This can cause bleeding, scarring or detachment of the retina, which can lead to vision loss or blindness.
Choice E reason:
Apnea is a condition that causes pauses in breathing during sleep. Apnea of prematurity is a condition that affects premature babies who have not fully developed their nervous system and respiratory system. This can cause them to stop breathing for more than 20 seconds at a time, which can lower their oxygen levels and heart rate.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Small for gestational age (SGA) newborns are at risk for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and respiratory acidosis because they have immature lungs that produce less surfactant, which is needed to keep the alveoli open and prevent atelectasis. SGA newborns also have less glycogen stores, which can lead to hypoglycemia and impaired oxygen delivery to the tissues.
Choice B reason:
Maternal history of asthma is not a risk factor for RDS or respiratory acidosis in the newborn. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that affects the mother, not the fetus. Maternal asthma can cause complications such as preterm labor, preeclampsia, or intrauterine growth restriction, but it does not directly affect the fetal lung development or function.
Choice C reason:
Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a congenital heart defect that causes a hole in the wall between the ventricles of the heart. This can result in increased pulmonary blood flow and pressure, which can lead to pulmonary edema and heart failure in the newborn. However, VSD does not cause RDS or respiratory acidosis, which are related to lung maturity and surfactant production.
Choice D reason:
Cesarean birth is not a risk factor for RDS or respiratory acidosis in the newborn. Cesarean birth can increase the risk of transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN), which is caused by delayed absorption of fetal lung fluid. TTN usually resolves within 24 to 48 hours and does not cause a significant acid-base imbalance in the newborn.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Attachment phase is not one of Rubin's phases of role attachment. Rubin's theory of maternal role adaptation describes three stages that the mother goes through during the postpartum period: taking in, taking hold and letting go.
Choice B reason:
Letting go phase is the last stage of Rubin's theory of role attachment. It occurs when the mother accepts her new role and gives up her old roles. She also comes to terms with the reality of the birthing experience and the characteristics of her baby.
Choice C reason:
Taking hold phase is the second stage of Rubin's theory of role attachment. It occurs when the mother becomes interested in caring for the infant and learning about her baby and herself. She may be critical about her care-giving abilities and need positive reinforcement.
Choice D reason:
Taking in phase is the first stage of Rubin's theory of role attachment. It occurs right after the birth of the child, when the mother is passive and focused on her own needs, especially sleeping and eating. She may have limited interactions with her infant and prefer to talk about her experiences during labor, birth, and pregnancy. This matches the description of the new mother in the question, so this is the correct answer.
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