What are the different types of Cerebral Palsy? (Select All that Apply.).
Hypertonic
Spastic
Hypotonic
Ataxic
Mixed
Correct Answer : B,C,D,E
Choice A reason:
Hypertonic is not a type of cerebral palsy, but a term that describes increased muscle tone or stiffness. Hypertonicity can be a symptom of spastic cerebral palsy, which is the most common type of the disorder.
Choice B reason:
Spastic is a type of cerebral palsy that affects about 80% of people with the disorder. People with spastic cerebral palsy have stiff and jerky movements due to increased muscle tone.
Spastic cerebral palsy can be further classified by the body parts affected, such as spastic hemiplegia, spastic diplegia or spastic quadriplegia.
Choice C reason:
Hypotonic is a type of cerebral palsy that affects muscle tone and posture. People with hypotonic cerebral palsy have low muscle tone or floppiness, which makes them appear limp and relaxed. Hypotonic cerebral palsy can affect the whole body or specific parts, such as the trunk, limbs or face.
Choice D reason:
Ataxic is a type of cerebral palsy that affects balance and coordination. People with ataxic cerebral palsy have difficulty with precise movements, such as writing, buttoning a shirt or reaching for a book. They may also walk in an unsteady manner or have problems with depth perception.
Choice E reason:
Mixed is a type of cerebral palsy that includes symptoms of more than one type of the disorder. For example, a person with mixed cerebral palsy may have both spastic and dyskinetic movements, or both ataxic and hypotonic features. Mixed cerebral palsy is usually caused by damage to multiple areas of the brain.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason:
All milk- and lactose-containing formulas, including breast milk, must be stopped during infancy. Soy protein is the formula of choice for newborns and infants with galactosemia. Breast milk should not be used in newborns and infants with galactosemia because it contains galactose, which they cannot metabolize properly.
Choice B reason:
Adding amino acids to the breast milk will not help the newborn with galactosemia, because the problem is not a lack of amino acids, but a deficiency of the enzyme that breaks down galactose. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, not sugars.
Choice C reason:
Substituting a lactose-containing formula for breast milk will worsen the condition of the newborn with galactosemia because lactose is composed of glucose and galactose. The newborns will still be exposed to galactose, which will accumulate in the blood and tissues and cause damage.
Choice D reason:
Giving the appropriate enzyme along with breast milk is not a feasible option for the newborn with galactosemia, because there is no oral enzyme replacement therapy available for this condition. The only treatment is dietary restriction of galactose.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Protamine sulfate is an antidote for heparin overdose, not magnesium sulfate toxicity.
Choice B reason:
Naloxone is an antidote for opioid overdose, not magnesium sulfate toxicity.
Choice C reason:
Flumazenil is an antidote for benzodiazepine overdose, not magnesium sulfate toxicity.
Choice D reason:
Calcium gluconate is the antidote for magnesium sulfate toxicity. Magnesium sulfate is used to treat preeclampsia and prevent seizures, but it can cause respiratory depression, hypotension, and cardiac arrhythmias if given in excess. Calcium gluconate reverses the effects of magnesium by stabilizing the cell membrane and increasing the contractility of the heart.
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