What causes congenital hip dysplasia?

Choice A reason:

Expressions of excitement are an expected finding during the taking-in phase of maternal postpartum adjustment. This is the time of reflection for the woman because, within the 2 to 3-day period, the woman is passive and dependent on her healthcare provider or support person with some of the daily tasks and decision-making. The woman prefers to talk about her experiences during labor and birth and also her pregnancy. The taking-in phase provides time for the woman to regain her physical strength and organize her rambling thoughts about her new role.

Choice B reason:

Lack of appetite is not an expected finding during the taking-in phase of maternal postpartum adjustment. The woman is oriented primarily to her own needs and she primarily focuses on sleeping and eating. She may have increased appetite due to the energy expenditure during labor and delivery. Lack of appetite may indicate postpartum depression or other complications.

Choice C reason:

Eagerness to learn newborn care skills is not an expected finding during the taking-in phase of maternal postpartum adjustment. This is more characteristic of the taking-hold phase, which starts 2 to 4 days after delivery. The woman starts to initiate actions on her own and make decisions without relying on others. She starts to focus on the newborn instead of herself and begins to actively participate in newborn care.

Choice D reason:

Focus on the family unit and its members is not an expected finding during the taking-in phase of maternal postpartum adjustment. This is more indicative of the letting-go phase, which occurs when the woman finally accepts her new role and gives up her old role. This is the phase where postpartum depression may set in. Readjustment of the relationship is needed for an easy transition to this phase.

Choice A reason:

Holding the newborn vertically, allowing one foot to touch the crib surface, will elicit the stepping reflex, not the Moro reflex. The stepping reflex is when the newborn makes stepping movements when held upright with one foot touching a flat surface.

Choice B reason:

Turning the newborn's head quickly to one side will elicit the tonic neck reflex, not the Moro reflex. The tonic neck reflex is when the newborn assumes a "fencing”. position, with the arm and leg extended on the side to which the head is turned and the opposite arm and leg flexed.

Choice C reason:

Performing a sharp hand clap near the infant will elicit the Moro reflex, also known as the startle reflex. The Moro reflex is when the newborn responds to a sudden loss of support or a loud noise by extending and abducting the arms, spreading the fingers, and then bringing the arms together and crying.

Choice D reason:

Placing a finger at the base of the newborn's toes will elicit the Babinski reflex, not the Moro reflex. The Babinski reflex is when the newborn fans out the toes and dorsiflexes the big toe when the sole of the foot is stroked.