What causes congenital hip dysplasia?

Choice A reason:

Discard unused formula in used bottle after 2 hours. This is correct because bacteria can grow in the formula if it is left at room temperature for too long. The formula that has been in contact with your baby's mouth can also become contaminated with saliva or germs.

Choice B reason:

Never prop a bottle. This is correct because propping a bottle can cause choking, ear infections, tooth decay, and overfeeding. It can also deprive your baby of the cuddling and bonding that they need during feeding time.

Choice C reason:

The formula is available in three forms. This is correct because the formula comes in ready-to-use, concentrated liquid, and powder forms. Each form has its own advantages and disadvantages in terms of cost, convenience, and storage.

Choice D reason:

Warm the bottle in the microwave. This is incorrect because microwaving a bottle can create hot spots that can burn your baby's mouth or throat. It can also damage the nutrients in the formula. The safest way to warm a bottle is to place it in a bowl of warm water or run it under warm tap water.

Choice E reason:

Store prepared bottles in the refrigerator. This is correct because refrigerating prepared bottles can prevent bacterial growth and keep the formula fresh. However, you should not keep prepared bottles for more than 24 hours and you should always check the expiration date on the formula container.

Choice A:

Lidocaine gel to the umbilical stump is not a medication that the nurse should expect to administer to a newborn immediately following birth. Lidocaine gel is a topical anesthetic that is used to numb the skin before procedures such as injections or sutures. It is not indicated for the umbilical stump, which does not require any anesthesia.

Choice B:

Hepatitis B immunization is a medication that the nurse should expect to administer to a newborn immediately following birth. Hepatitis B is a viral infection that can cause liver damage and cancer. The immunization protects the newborn from contracting the infection from the mother or other sources. The immunization is given as an intramuscular injection in the anterolateral thigh within 12 hours of birth.

Choice C:

Phytonadione injection is a medication that the nurse should expect to administer to a newborn immediately following birth. Phytonadione is also known as vitamin K, which is essential for blood clotting. Newborns have low levels of vitamin K at birth, which puts them at risk of bleeding disorders such as hemorrhagic disease of the newborn. The injection is given as a single dose of 0.5 to 1 mg in the vastus lateralis muscle within 1 hour of birth.

Choice D:

Antibiotic ophthalmic ointment is a medication that the nurse should expect to administer to a newborn immediately following birth. Antibiotic ophthalmic ointment prevents eye infections caused by bacteria such as gonorrhea or chlamydia, which can be transmitted from the mother during delivery. The ointment is applied to both eyes within 1 hour of birth.

Choice E:

Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (Hib) is not a medication that the nurse should expect to administer to a newborn immediately following birth. Hib is a bacterial infection that can cause meningitis, pneumonia, and other serious illnesses. The vaccine protects the newborn from Hib infection, but it is not given at birth. The vaccine is part of the routine immunization schedule and is usually given at 2, 4, and 6 months of age.