A nurse is collecting data from a newborn immediately after delivery by a client who was at 42 weeks of gestation. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Choice A reason:

Cerebral palsy is a disorder that affects movement, posture, and muscle tone. It can be caused by brain damage that occurs before, during, or after birth. Premature babies are at a higher risk of developing cerebral palsy because they are more likely to have bleeding in the brain, lack of oxygen to the brain, infections or other complications that can damage the brain.

Choice B reason:

Color blindness is a condition that affects the ability to see colors or differences in colors. It is usually inherited and not related to prematurity. However, some premature babies may develop retinopathy of prematurity, which can affect their vision in other ways.

Choice C reason:

Learning disabilities are problems that affect the ability to learn, read, write, speak or do math. They can be caused by genetic factors, environmental factors or brain injuries.

Premature babies are more likely to have learning disabilities because they are more likely to have brain damage, low birth weight, infections or other complications that can affect their brain development.

Choice D reason:

Retinopathy is a disease that affects the blood vessels in the retina, the light-sensitive layer of tissue at the back of the eye. Retinopathy of prematurity is a condition that occurs when the blood vessels in the retina grow abnormally in premature babies. This can cause bleeding, scarring or detachment of the retina, which can lead to vision loss or blindness.

Choice E reason:

Apnea is a condition that causes pauses in breathing during sleep. Apnea of prematurity is a condition that affects premature babies who have not fully developed their nervous system and respiratory system. This can cause them to stop breathing for more than 20 seconds at a time, which can lower their oxygen levels and heart rate.

Choice A reason:

Holding the newborn vertically, allowing one foot to touch the crib surface, will elicit the stepping reflex, not the Moro reflex. The stepping reflex is when the newborn makes stepping movements when held upright with one foot touching a flat surface.

Choice B reason:

Turning the newborn's head quickly to one side will elicit the tonic neck reflex, not the Moro reflex. The tonic neck reflex is when the newborn assumes a "fencing”. position, with the arm and leg extended on the side to which the head is turned and the opposite arm and leg flexed.

Choice C reason:

Performing a sharp hand clap near the infant will elicit the Moro reflex, also known as the startle reflex. The Moro reflex is when the newborn responds to a sudden loss of support or a loud noise by extending and abducting the arms, spreading the fingers, and then bringing the arms together and crying.

Choice D reason:

Placing a finger at the base of the newborn's toes will elicit the Babinski reflex, not the Moro reflex. The Babinski reflex is when the newborn fans out the toes and dorsiflexes the big toe when the sole of the foot is stroked.