Elevated anti-diuretic (ADH) levels and hyponatremia is seen with which of the following disorders?

Options A (increased ability of tissue to retain fluid) and B (reduced blood pressure) are not typical signs of improvement in Nephrotic Syndrome. The primary focus is on reducing protein loss and alleviating edema.

Option C. Increased diuresis and decreased protein loss in urine.

Nephrotic Syndrome is characterized by increased urinary protein loss, resulting in hypoalbuminemia, edema, and other symptoms. Improvement in Nephrotic Syndrome is typically indicated by:

Increased diuresis: An increase in urine output suggests that the child is excreting excess fluid, which can help reduce edema (swelling).

Decreased protein loss in urine: A reduction in proteinuria (loss of protein in the urine) is a positive sign, as it indicates that the damaged kidney glomeruli are functioning more effectively in retaining protein.

Option D (decreased protein levels in serum) is also not a clear sign of improvement. While it may be related to reduced protein loss in urine, it does not directly reflect the overall improvement of the condition. Monitoring protein levels in the urine (proteinuria) is a more specific indicator of Nephrotic Syndrome management.

A. Inspecting the mouth weekly for ulcerations is not sufficient. Children receiving chemotherapy should be encouraged to perform daily oral care, and any concerning symptoms should be reported promptly to the healthcare provider.

B. Using a potent commercial mouthwash is not recommended, as many commercial mouthwashes contain alcohol or other potentially irritating ingredients. A healthcare provider should recommend a suitable oral rinse if needed.

C. Clean the teeth manually with a soft toothbrush.

Children receiving chemotherapy are at risk of developing mouth sores (mucositis) and other oral complications. It is essential to maintain good oral hygiene to minimize the risk of infection and reduce discomfort. Using a soft toothbrush for gentle manual cleaning is recommended, as it helps to prevent injury to the sensitive oral tissues that can occur with a hard toothbrush.

D. Visiting a dental professional only during episodes of excessive bleeding or pain is not recommended. Regular dental check-ups are important for children receiving chemotherapy to monitor and address oral health issues. Waiting for symptoms of bleeding or pain may result in a delay in addressing potential problems.