An infant is experiencing dyspnea related to patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). The nurse understands dyspnea occurs because blood

Shunted past the pulmonary circulation, causing pulmonary hypoxia

Circulated through the lungs again, causing pulmonary circulatory congestion

Circulated through the ductus from the pulmonary artery to the aorta bypassing the left side of me heart

Shunted past cardiac arteries, causing myocardial hypoxia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Shunted past the pulmonary circulation, causing pulmonary hypoxia: This option is not the primary reason for dyspnea in PDA. While there is shunting, it doesn't directly cause pulmonary hypoxia.

B. Circulated through the lungs again, causing pulmonary circulatory congestion: This option is partially correct but does not address the primary reason for dyspnea, which is the bypassing of the left side of the heart.

C. Circulated through the ductus from the pulmonary artery to the aorta, bypassing the left side of the heart.

In patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), a fetal blood vessel called the ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth. This allows oxygenated blood from the left atrium to be shunted directly from the aorta to the pulmonary artery, bypassing the normal route through the left side of the heart and into the systemic circulation. The shunting of oxygenated blood back into the pulmonary circulation can lead to increased pulmonary blood flow and circulatory congestion, causing symptoms such as dyspnea.

D. Shunted past cardiac arteries, causing myocardial hypoxia: PDA primarily affects the pulmonary circulation and left side of the heart, not the coronary arteries. Myocardial hypoxia is not the primary mechanism of dyspnea in PDA.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Engaging the child in games with other children is important for social development, but it depends on the child's individual readiness and comfort level with social interactions. It's crucial to consider the child's temperament and developmental stage.

B. Encourage the child to feed himself finger foods.

At 18 months of age, children are typically developing their fine motor skills and independence. Encouraging self-feeding with finger foods is a developmentally appropriate activity. It promotes independence, fine motor skill development, and a positive feeding experience.

C. Allowing the child to walk independently on the nursing unit is appropriate if the child is developmentally ready and safe to do so. It promotes gross motor skill development and independence.

D. Holding and cuddling the child often is important for emotional and social development. However, the frequency and style of interaction should be individualized based on the child's preferences and needs. Some children may prefer more independence at this age.

A. Get 8 hours of sleep at night and take naps during the day B. Practice yoga and meditation to decrease stress and anxiety C. Eat animal protein and dark leafy vegetables each day D. Avoid exposure to others with acute infection

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Get 8 hours of sleep at night and take naps during the day:

While adequate sleep is generally important for overall health, it may not be the most critical factor for a patient with aplastic anemia. Aplastic anemia primarily affects blood cell production, and managing infection risk and blood counts are more crucial in this context.

B. Practice yoga and meditation to decrease stress and anxiety:

Stress reduction techniques, such as yoga and meditation, can be beneficial for anyone's overall well-being, but it's not the top priority for someone with aplastic anemia. Managing stress is essential, but again, reducing the risk of infections and maintaining adequate blood counts are more critical.

C. Eat animal protein and dark leafy vegetables each day:

Proper nutrition is essential for patients with aplastic anemia, as it can help support the production of red blood cells and maintain overall health. However, while a balanced diet is important, avoiding infections and minimizing exposure to contagions is more pressing.

D. Avoid exposure to others with acute infection:

This is the most crucial concept for patients with aplastic anemia. Aplastic anemia leads to a weakened immune system, making the patient highly susceptible to infections. Exposure to individuals with acute infections can be life-threatening for these patients. Preventing infections and maintaining adequate blood counts are paramount in the care of individuals with aplastic anemia.

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An infant is experiencing dyspnea related to patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). The nurse understands dyspnea occurs because blood

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is planning care for an 18 month-old child. Which of the following should be included in the child's care?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The nurse devices a teaching plan for the patient with aplastic anemia. Which of the following is the most important concept to teach for health maintenance?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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