An infant is experiencing dyspnea related to patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). The nurse understands dyspnea occurs because blood

Shunted past the pulmonary circulation, causing pulmonary hypoxia

Circulated through the lungs again, causing pulmonary circulatory congestion

Circulated through the ductus from the pulmonary artery to the aorta bypassing the left side of me heart

Shunted past cardiac arteries, causing myocardial hypoxia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Shunted past the pulmonary circulation, causing pulmonary hypoxia: This option is not the primary reason for dyspnea in PDA. While there is shunting, it doesn't directly cause pulmonary hypoxia.

B. Circulated through the lungs again, causing pulmonary circulatory congestion: This option is partially correct but does not address the primary reason for dyspnea, which is the bypassing of the left side of the heart.

C. Circulated through the ductus from the pulmonary artery to the aorta, bypassing the left side of the heart.

In patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), a fetal blood vessel called the ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth. This allows oxygenated blood from the left atrium to be shunted directly from the aorta to the pulmonary artery, bypassing the normal route through the left side of the heart and into the systemic circulation. The shunting of oxygenated blood back into the pulmonary circulation can lead to increased pulmonary blood flow and circulatory congestion, causing symptoms such as dyspnea.

D. Shunted past cardiac arteries, causing myocardial hypoxia: PDA primarily affects the pulmonary circulation and left side of the heart, not the coronary arteries. Myocardial hypoxia is not the primary mechanism of dyspnea in PDA.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Lordosis: Lordosis is an excessive inward curvature of the spine, typically seen in the lower back. It is often referred to as "swayback."

B. Torticollis: Torticollis is a condition where the head is tilted to one side and may be rotated to the opposite side. It typically affects the neck muscles and is not related to lateral curvature of the spine.

C. Scoliosis.

Scoliosis is a lateral curvature of the spine. It is characterized by an abnormal sideways curvature of the spine, which can lead to an "S" or "C" shape of the spine. Scoliosis can occur during adolescence, and routine physical examinations may reveal this condition.

D. Kyphosis: Kyphosis is an excessive outward curvature of the spine, which can result in a rounded or hunched back, often seen in the upper back or thoracic spine.

In summary, the lateral curvature of the spine observed in this adolescent should be documented as scoliosis.

A. Provide activities for the sing to do at home B. Avoid interruptions by coordinating using actions C. Anwer questions honestly and clearly D. Encourage the sibling to write in a journal

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Provide activities for the sibling to do at home: While providing activities can be a good way to engage the sibling and offer a distraction, it may not address their need for understanding and emotional support. Answering questions and providing information about the condition is more directly beneficial in this context.

B. Avoid interruptions by coordinating using actions: This option is not clear and may not directly address the social support needs of the sibling. It's important to have open communication and address their concerns rather than coordinating actions to avoid interruptions.

C. Answer questions honestly and clearly.

In a situation where a 10-year-old sibling of a child with a complex chronic condition needs social support, providing honest and clear answers to their questions is essential. It's important to address their concerns and provide information in an age-appropriate manner. Children can feel anxious or confused when a sibling has a complex chronic condition, and providing honest and clear answers helps them understand the situation better and reduces their anxiety.

D. Encourage the sibling to write in a journal: While journaling can be a helpful coping strategy, it may not be the most immediate response to their social support needs. Answering questions and providing emotional support should come first.

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An infant is experiencing dyspnea related to patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). The nurse understands dyspnea occurs because blood

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assisting with a routine physical examination of an adolescent. The provider observes a lateral curvature of the spine. The nurse should expect the provider to document which of the following disorders?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

To meet the social support needs of a 10 year-old sibling of a child with a complex chronic condition, the most appropriate nursing action is to

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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