A 1-year-old is being screened for retinoblastoma based on family history of the disease. The nurse recognizes which sign as being most characteristic of the disease?

White glow of the pupil.

Ptosis of the eye

Fixed and dilated pupil

Purulent eye discharge

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A white glow of the pupil, often referred to as "cat's eye reflex" or "leukocoria," is a significant and characteristic sign of retinoblastoma. It occurs when the tumor within the eye reflects light, resulting in a white or yellowish glow in the pupil when light is shined into it. This can be seen in flash photographs or in certain lighting conditions. It's a crucial sign that may indicate the presence of retinoblastoma, a rare eye cancer that primarily affects young children.

The other options, B (ptosis of the eye), C (fixed and dilated pupil), and D (purulent eye discharge), are not typically associated with retinoblastoma. Ptosis is the drooping of the upper eyelid, a fixed and dilated pupil is usually a sign of neurological issues, and purulent eye discharge is often associated with eye infections rather than retinoblastoma.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Neutropenic Precautions: Neutropenia refers to a low neutrophil count, a type of white blood cell responsible for fighting infections. While children with leukemia are at risk for neutropenia due to the disease and its treatment, the primary concern in this scenario is the critically low platelet count and the risk of bleeding. Neutropenic precautions focus on preventing infections.

B. Droplet Precautions: Droplet precautions are used when dealing with respiratory infections that are transmitted through respiratory droplets, such as coughing or sneezing. This is not the primary concern for a child with leukemia and a low platelet count, as the main risk is bleeding due to the low platelet count.

C. Bleeding Precautions: Leukemia, especially in a child with a critically low platelet count, puts the child at a high risk of bleeding. Platelets are essential for blood clotting, and when they are severely decreased, even minor injuries can lead to excessive bleeding. The nurse should take precautions to minimize the risk of bleeding. This includes avoiding invasive procedures, using a soft toothbrush, and ensuring that the child does not participate in activities that could result in injury.

D. Contact Precautions: Contact precautions are used to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases through direct contact. While a child with leukemia may have a weakened immune system and be at risk of infections, the primary concern in this case is the critically low platelet count and the risk of bleeding. Contact precautions are more relevant in cases of contagious diseases where physical contact could transmit the infection.

A. Joints. B. Intestines C. Brain D. Pericardium

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Hemophilia is a genetic bleeding disorder in which the blood does not clot properly. It primarily affects the coagulation factors responsible for clot formation. In individuals with hemophilia, bleeding tends to occur most commonly in the joints, particularly in the large weight-bearing joints like the knees, elbows, and ankles. This is known as hemarthrosis and can lead to significant pain and joint damage.

While bleeding in other areas of the body can occur in hemophilia, such as the muscles or soft tissues, joint bleeding is one of the hallmark features of the condition.

The other options, B (intestines), C (brain), and D (pericardium), are less commonly associated with bleeding in hemophilia. Although bleeding can occur in various locations, joint bleeding is the most characteristic and commonly seen manifestation in individuals with hemophilia.

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A 1-year-old is being screened for retinoblastoma based on family history of the disease. The nurse recognizes which sign as being most characteristic of the disease?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is admitting a child who has leukemia and a critically low platelet count. Which of the following precautions should the nurse initiate?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse is assessing an adolescent child with the diagnosis of hemophilia. In which part of the body would the nurse expect bleeding to occur?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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