Early detection allows for antenatal management for better neonatal outcomes. Your patient is 32 weeks gestation, gravida 5 para 4 and after a routine ultrasound she is told her baby is very small and has IUGR. She asks you what causes this and you tell her:

Infection

Previous preterm birth

Utero-placental insufficiency

Chronic hypertension

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: Infection is not a common cause of IUGR, as most infections do not cross the placenta and affect the fetal growth. However, some infections such as cytomegalovirus, rubella, or toxoplasmosis can cause congenital anomalies and IUGR.

Choice B reason: Previous preterm birth is not a direct cause of IUGR, as it does not affect the current pregnancy. However, it may indicate an underlying maternal or fetal condition that could increase the risk of IUGR, such as cervical incompetence, placental abruption, or preeclampsia.

Choice C reason: Utero-placental insufficiency is the most common cause of IUGR, as it reduces the blood flow and oxygen delivery to the fetus. It can result from maternal factors such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking, or drug abuse, or from placental factors such as placenta previa, placental infarction, or cord compression.

Choice D reason: Chronic hypertension is a risk factor for IUGR, as it can lead to utero-placental insufficiency and fetal hypoxia. However, it is not the only cause of IUGR, as other factors can also affect the placental function and fetal growth.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Poor maternal weight gain is a risk factor for IUGR, as it indicates inadequate nutrition and fetal growth.

Choice B reason: Premature rupture of membranes is not a risk factor for IUGR, as it does not affect the placental function or blood flow. It is a complication of pregnancy that can lead to infection, preterm labor, or cord prolapse.

Choice C reason: Smoking is a risk factor for IUGR, as it reduces the oxygen and nutrient delivery to the fetus and causes vasoconstriction of the placental vessels.

Choice D reason: Gestational hypertension is a risk factor for IUGR, as it impairs the placental perfusion and causes fetal hypoxia and acidosis.

A. Strategies to enhance condom use B. Places to carry condoms safely C. Leaving the decision up to the male partner D. Choice of colors and special features

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Strategies to enhance condom use is correct because it is the most effective way to motivate clients to use condoms consistently and correctly. Some of these strategies include providing education, demonstrating skills, addressing barriers, and promoting communication.

Choice B reason: Places to carry condoms safely is incorrect because it is not the most essential component of counseling related to the prevention of sexually transmitted infections and human immunodeficiency virus. It is a practical aspect of condom use, but it does not address the underlying attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors that influence condom use.

Choice C reason: Leaving the decision up to the male partner is incorrect because it is not a way to motivate clients to use condoms. It is a passive and disempowering approach that can increase the risk of infection and unwanted pregnancy. Clients should be encouraged to take an active role in their sexual health and negotiate condom use with their partners.

Choice D reason: Choice of colors and special features is incorrect because it is not the most essential component of counseling related to the prevention of sexually transmitted infections and human immunodeficiency virus. It is a superficial aspect of condom use, but it does not address the underlying attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors that influence condom use.

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Early detection allows for antenatal management for better neonatal outcomes. Your patient is 32 weeks gestation, gravida 5 para 4 and after a routine ultrasound she is told her baby is very small and has IUGR. She asks you what causes this and you tell her:

Nursing Test Bank

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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