Carcinogens are factors related to the formation of various malignancies. Which factor has the greatest impact on the development of all cancers?
chemical agents
environmental factors
viruses
defective genes
The Correct Answer is B
A. Chemical agents: Chemical agents (e.g., tobacco smoke, asbestos) are significant carcinogens but are not the most influential across all types of cancer.
B. Environmental factors: Environmental factors, including exposure to radiation, chemicals, and lifestyle choices, have a broad impact on cancer development. This is the most comprehensive factor, as it encompasses various elements that contribute to cancer risk.
C. Viruses: Certain viruses (e.g., HPV, Hepatitis B) are linked to specific cancers, but they are not the primary cause of most cancers.
D. Defective genes: Genetic mutations play a critical role in cancer development, but they are often triggered by environmental factors, making environmental factors the most significant overall.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. "Her family will no longer be dysfunctional." Completing a treatment program does not guarantee that family dynamics will change or improve immediately. Family dysfunction is often deeply rooted and requires separate or concurrent therapy.
B. "She'll need ongoing support to remain abstinent." Recovery from alcoholism is an ongoing process, and continued support, whether through therapy, support groups, or counseling, is critical to maintaining abstinence and preventing relapse.
C. "She doesn't need to be concerned about abusing alcohol in the future." This statement is inaccurate because individuals recovering from alcoholism must remain vigilant to prevent relapse. Alcoholism is a chronic condition, and the risk of relapse remains.
D. "She can learn to consume alcohol without problems." This is incorrect, as individuals who have struggled with alcoholism typically need to abstain completely from alcohol to prevent relapse.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Hematologic spread: Hematologic spread (through the bloodstream) is a common mechanism for metastasis to distant organs like bones and liver. This is the most likely mechanism for the spread described.
B. Lymphatic circulation: Lymphatic spread often leads to regional lymph nodes rather than distant organs like bones and liver.
C. Invasion: Invasion involves local spread into adjacent tissues but does not typically account for distant metastasis.
D. Angiogenesis: Angiogenesis refers to the formation of new blood vessels to supply the tumor, not the mechanism by which cancer cells spread to distant sites.
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