A client enters the emergency room exhibiting tremors, agitation, and restlessness. Upon assessment, the client's blood pressure is 160/90, pulse is 110, and respirations are 22. It has been 36 hours since the client's last drink of alcohol. The nurse would suspect which conditions to be occurring?
Alcohol tolerance
Korsakoff's psychosis
Delirium tremens
Wernicke's encephalopathy
The Correct Answer is C
A. Alcohol tolerance: Alcohol tolerance refers to the decreased effect of alcohol with repeated use, not withdrawal symptoms.
B. Korsakoff's psychosis: Korsakoff's psychosis is a chronic condition related to thiamine deficiency and characterized by memory impairment and confabulation, not acute withdrawal symptoms.
C. Delirium tremens: Delirium tremens (DTs) is a severe form of alcohol withdrawal that can present with tremors, agitation, elevated blood pressure, tachycardia, and confusion. The client’s symptoms and recent history suggest DTs.
D. Wernicke's encephalopathy: Wernicke's encephalopathy typically presents with ataxia, confusion, and ophthalmoplegia rather than the acute withdrawal symptoms described.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Alcohol tolerance: Alcohol tolerance refers to the decreased effect of alcohol with repeated use, not withdrawal symptoms.
B. Korsakoff's psychosis: Korsakoff's psychosis is a chronic condition related to thiamine deficiency and characterized by memory impairment and confabulation, not acute withdrawal symptoms.
C. Delirium tremens: Delirium tremens (DTs) is a severe form of alcohol withdrawal that can present with tremors, agitation, elevated blood pressure, tachycardia, and confusion. The client’s symptoms and recent history suggest DTs.
D. Wernicke's encephalopathy: Wernicke's encephalopathy typically presents with ataxia, confusion, and ophthalmoplegia rather than the acute withdrawal symptoms described.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Agranulocytosis: Carbamazepine carries a boxed warning for serious hematologic effects, including agranulocytosis and aplastic anemia. Agranulocytosis is a significant drop in white blood cell count, leading to a high risk of infection.
B. Birth defects: While carbamazepine is associated with birth defects when taken during pregnancy, the boxed warning specifically highlights the risk of severe blood disorders like agranulocytosis.
C. Skin rash: Carbamazepine can cause serious skin reactions, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis, but the boxed warning focuses more on the hematologic risks.
D. Liver damage: Although carbamazepine can cause liver damage, this is not the primary focus of the boxed warning, which emphasizes hematologic effects.
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