A client's most recent diagnostic imaging has revealed that lung cancer has metastasized to the bones and liver. What is the most likely mechanism by which the client's cancer cells spread?
Hematologic spread
Lymphatic circulation
Invasion
Angiogenesis
The Correct Answer is A
A. Hematologic spread: Hematologic spread (through the bloodstream) is a common mechanism for metastasis to distant organs like bones and liver. This is the most likely mechanism for the spread described.
B. Lymphatic circulation: Lymphatic spread often leads to regional lymph nodes rather than distant organs like bones and liver.
C. Invasion: Invasion involves local spread into adjacent tissues but does not typically account for distant metastasis.
D. Angiogenesis: Angiogenesis refers to the formation of new blood vessels to supply the tumor, not the mechanism by which cancer cells spread to distant sites.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Agranulocytosis: Carbamazepine carries a boxed warning for serious hematologic effects, including agranulocytosis and aplastic anemia. Agranulocytosis is a significant drop in white blood cell count, leading to a high risk of infection.
B. Birth defects: While carbamazepine is associated with birth defects when taken during pregnancy, the boxed warning specifically highlights the risk of severe blood disorders like agranulocytosis.
C. Skin rash: Carbamazepine can cause serious skin reactions, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis, but the boxed warning focuses more on the hematologic risks.
D. Liver damage: Although carbamazepine can cause liver damage, this is not the primary focus of the boxed warning, which emphasizes hematologic effects.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. "I can see that you're uncomfortable now, so we can wait until tomorrow." Delaying the medication could worsen the client's condition and does not address the underlying reason for the refusal.
B. "If you refuse these pills, you'll have to get an injection." This response is coercive and could damage trust between the client and the nurse. It does not explore the client's concerns.
C. "What is it about the medicine that you don't like?" This response is therapeutic as it opens a dialogue with the client to understand their concerns, which can help in addressing the reluctance and promoting adherence to the medication.
D. "You know you have to take this medicine for your own good." This response is paternalistic and dismisses the client's autonomy and concerns, which may lead to further resistance.
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