A client's most recent diagnostic imaging has revealed that lung cancer has metastasized to the bones and liver. What is the most likely mechanism by which the client's cancer cells spread?
Hematologic spread
Lymphatic circulation
Invasion
Angiogenesis
The Correct Answer is A
A. Hematologic spread: Hematologic spread (through the bloodstream) is a common mechanism for metastasis to distant organs like bones and liver. This is the most likely mechanism for the spread described.
B. Lymphatic circulation: Lymphatic spread often leads to regional lymph nodes rather than distant organs like bones and liver.
C. Invasion: Invasion involves local spread into adjacent tissues but does not typically account for distant metastasis.
D. Angiogenesis: Angiogenesis refers to the formation of new blood vessels to supply the tumor, not the mechanism by which cancer cells spread to distant sites.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. "Are you frightened?" This response is empathetic but may inadvertently reinforce the client's delusional thinking by focusing on the fear rather than addressing the delusion.
B. "You know I'm not following you." This response directly challenges the client's delusion, which could provoke defensiveness and escalate the situation.
C. "You'll have to go into seclusion if you continue to threaten me." This response is confrontational and may escalate the situation further by implying a threat, which could increase the client's fear and anger.
D. "I'm sorry if I frightened you. I was returning to the nurses' station after going out for lunch." This response acknowledges the client's feelings without reinforcing the delusion and provides a simple, non-threatening explanation for the nurse's actions. It helps de-escalate the situation by maintaining a calm, non-confrontational tone.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. A desire to initiate conversation with roommates. Clients with depression typically withdraw socially and may not seek to initiate conversations or engage with others.
B. Expansive and dramatic movements. Expansive and dramatic movements are more characteristic of mania, not depression.
C. Decelerated movements and flat affect. Depression often leads to psychomotor retardation, where the client’s movements are slow and their affect is flat, showing a lack of emotional expression.
D. Overly excited interest in the admission. An overly excited interest would be inconsistent with the symptoms of depression, which often include a lack of interest or enthusiasm.
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