An older adult patient asks the nurse what caused his cataract. The nurse's response is based on which information?

The usual cause of cataracts in older people is congenital

Cataracts commonly develop when a patient has asthma.

The most common cause of a cataract is an injury to the eye.

The most common cause of a cataract is aging.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A.   Congenital cataracts are present at birth and are relatively rare. In older adults, cataracts are primarily associated with age-related changes rather than congenital factors.
B.   While certain medications used to treat asthma, like corticosteroids, can contribute to the development of cataracts, asthma itself is not a direct cause of cataracts. This connection is not strong enough to be considered a common cause.
C.   While eye injuries can lead to cataract formation, they are not the most common cause, especially in the older adult population. Most cataracts develop due to age-related changes rather than trauma.
D.   The most prevalent cause of cataracts, especially in older adults, is aging. As people get older, changes in the lens of the eye can lead to clouding, resulting in cataracts. Factors like UV exposure, smoking, and certain medical conditions may also contribute, but aging is the primary and most common factor.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Fluoroquinolones, such as ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, do not have a known significant interaction with neuromuscular blockers. They can generally be used safely in patients receiving neuromuscular blockade.
B. Aminoglycosides (such as gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin) can potentiate the effects of neuromuscular blockers and may lead to increased neuromuscular blockade. This can result in respiratory depression or paralysis, making them contraindicated in patients receiving neuromuscular blockers.
C. Carbapenems (such as meropenem and imipenem) do not typically have a significant interaction with neuromuscular blockers. They can generally be used safely, although careful monitoring is always recommended in patients with neuromuscular blockade.
D. Macrolides (such as azithromycin and erythromycin) do not have a major contraindication with neuromuscular blockers. While they can affect certain neuromuscular transmission processes, they are not typically contraindicated in this context.

A. Glycosylated hemoglobin (Hgb A1C) level of 7.5 B. Random plasma glucose level of 205 C. A blood glucose prior to the noon meal of 45 D. Fasting blood glucose level of 300.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. This level indicates average blood glucose over the past 2-3 months and is higher than the target range (usually under 7% for many patients with diabetes). While this result suggests the need for adjustments in management, it is not an immediate emergency.
B. A random plasma glucose level of 205 mg/dL indicates hyperglycemia, but it is not typically considered an immediate danger unless accompanied by symptoms of hyperglycemia. This level would warrant further monitoring and possibly an adjustment in treatment, but it doesn't require urgent intervention.
C. A blood glucose level of 45 mg/dL indicates hypoglycemia, which is a critical condition that requires immediate action. Hypoglycemia can lead to symptoms such as confusion, seizures, or loss of consciousness, and it must be addressed quickly, usually with fast-acting carbohydrates.
D. While a fasting blood glucose level of 300 mg/dL indicates significant hyperglycemia, it does not require immediate action like hypoglycemia does. This level indicates a need for further management but is not acutely dangerous compared to a severely low blood glucose level.

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An older adult patient asks the nurse what caused his cataract. The nurse's response is based on which information?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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