The following are lipid abnormalities. Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis and peripheral vascular disease (PVD)?

High levels of low-density lipid (LDL)

Low concentration triglycerides

Low levels of LDL cholesterol

High levels of high-density lipid (HDL)

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A.   LDL cholesterol, often referred to as "bad" cholesterol, is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis and PVD. High levels of LDL contribute to the buildup of plaque in the arteries, which can lead to these conditions.
B.   While high triglycerides can be a risk factor, low triglycerides are generally not associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis or PVD.
C.   Low LDL cholesterol is actually considered beneficial and can reduce the risk of heart disease.
D.   HDL cholesterol, often called "good" cholesterol, helps remove LDL cholesterol from the bloodstream. High levels of HDL are actually protective against heart disease and PVD.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. These symptoms are more indicative of a respiratory infection, such as sinusitis or pneumonia.
B. These symptoms are more suggestive of a respiratory obstruction, such as croup or epiglottitis.
C. These symptoms are characteristic of sinusitis.
D. Acute pharyngitis often presents with a red and inflamed pharyngeal membrane (throat), along with fever.

A. Rhinitis B. Hemoptysis C. High fever D. Constipation

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Rhinitis, or nasal inflammation, can occur in various respiratory infections but is not a primary symptom of bacterial pneumonia. While some children with pneumonia may have nasal congestion or a runny nose, it is not a defining characteristic of pneumonia.
B. Hemoptysis, or coughing up blood, is not a common symptom of bacterial pneumonia, especially in children. While it can occur in severe cases or specific types of pneumonia, it is not typically expected during the initial assessment of bacterial pneumonia in pediatric patients.
C. A high fever is a common and expected symptom in children with bacterial pneumonia. The body’s response to the infection often includes elevated temperatures, and fever is one of the key signs that healthcare providers look for when diagnosing pneumonia.
D. Constipation is not a symptom associated with bacterial pneumonia. While general illness can affect bowel habits, constipation is not typically seen in patients with pneumonia. The focus of the assessment would be on respiratory symptoms rather than gastrointestinal issues.

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The following are lipid abnormalities. Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis and peripheral vascular disease (PVD)?

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