An older adult client with a history of alcohol abuse is admitted to the hospital due to dehydration. The client is 20 lb (9.1 kg) under ideal weight and assessment findings include nystagmus, ataxia, and tremors. The nurse knows that these symptoms were most likely caused by which nutritional deficiency?

Vitamin B12.

Lack of dietary vitamin A.

Protein starvation.

Iron deficiency anemia.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Vitamin B12. Nystagmus, ataxia (loss of control of bodily movements), and tremors are neurological symptoms associated with vitamin B12 deficiency, particularly in individuals with a history of alcohol abuse who may have impaired absorption of nutrients due to gastrointestinal
issues.

B.   Lack of dietary vitamin A. Vitamin A deficiency can lead to various symptoms, but it is not typically associated with nystagmus, ataxia, and tremors.
C.   Protein starvation. Protein deficiency can cause various symptoms, but it is not typically associated with nystagmus, ataxia, and tremors.
D.   Iron deficiency anemia. Iron deficiency anemia can cause fatigue, weakness, and pale skin, but it is not typically associated with nystagmus, ataxia, and tremors.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Follow low carbohydrate diet with low glycemic index foods. This recommendation is more appropriate for managing diabetes rather than glomerulonephritis. Carbohydrate and glycemic index considerations are not the primary dietary concerns for glomerulonephritis patients.
B. Eat a high protein diet three times a day. In glomerulonephritis, kidney function is impaired, and a high protein diet can exacerbate the condition by increasing the workload on the kidneys. Protein intake should often be moderated, not increased.
C. Avoid foods high in potassium. While potassium management may be relevant in certain cases of kidney disease, it is not the primary dietary focus for glomerulonephritis unless hyperkalemia is a specific issue.
D. Restrict sodium rich foods and excessive oral fluids. Reducing sodium intake helps prevent fluid retention and hypertension, both of which can be problematic in glomerulonephritis. Controlling fluid intake also helps manage symptoms and prevent complications associated with impaired kidney function.

A. Taco salad, refried beans, low-fat ice cream, and coffee. B. Canned cream of mushroom soup, tuna salad, and water. C. Chicken salad on toast, fruit-flavored yogurt, and iced tea. D. Bacon, lettuce, and tomato sandwich, grapes, and skim milk.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Taco salad, refried beans, low-fat ice cream, and coffee. This meal may contain high levels of sodium, particularly in the taco salad and refried beans, which could exacerbate the client's
elevated serum sodium level.

B. Canned cream of mushroom soup, tuna salad, and water. This meal likely has a lower sodium content compared to the other options, as long as the canned cream of mushroom soup is chosen with a low-sodium option. Tuna salad can be prepared with low-sodium ingredients, and water is sodium-free.
C. Chicken salad on toast, fruit-flavored yogurt, and iced tea. Chicken salad and fruit-flavored yogurt can contain hidden sources of sodium, especially if they are commercially prepared or contain added sauces or flavorings. Iced tea may also contain sodium, depending on how it is prepared.
D. Bacon, lettuce, and tomato sandwich, grapes, and skim milk. Bacon is typically high in sodium, which would not be advisable for someone with elevated serum sodium levels. Skim milk and grapes are generally low in sodium, but the sandwich could significantly contribute to the client's sodium intake.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client with glomerulonephritis is preparing for discharge and asks the nurse which kind of diet to follow upon returning home. Which dietary teaching should the nurse include in the discharge instructions?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A client has a serum sodium level of 155 mEq/L (155 mmol/L). The nurse should encourage the client to make which selection from the lunch menu? Reference Range: Sodium [136 to 145 mEq/L (136 to 145 mmol/L)]

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The nurse is planning a nutritional class for adequate daily intake of water. Which population of clients should drink the most amount of water to remain adequately hydrated?

A client who has been NPO has a new prescription to progress the diet as tolerated. In which sequence should the nurse progress the client's diet? (Arrange from first action on top to last on the bottom.)

The nurse is helping develop a meal plan based on nutritional guidelines for an older adult client being discharged to home with the client's spouse. Which statement by the client and spouse best indicates an understanding of the nutritional guidelines when planning meals?

The charge nurse observes a practical nurse (PN) measuring the waist circumference of a client who has expressed a concern about health problems related to obesity. Which action should the nurse implement?

The parents of a child with prediabetes report to the nurse that the child wants to join a soccer team. Which information is best for the nurse to offer the parents?

A client with diabetes mellitus tells the nurse of using cranberry juice to help prevent urinary tract infections. Which instruction should the nurse provide?