An occupational health nurse is interpreting the results of a tuberculin skin test for a group of clients who received the test 48 hr ago. Which of the following clients should the nurse identify as having a positive test result?

Choice A Reason:
Absence of Chvostek's sign is a wrong indication. Chvostek's sign is a twitching of facial muscles in response to tapping the facial nerve and is typically associated with low blood calcium levels (hypocalcemia). It's not directly related to hyperglycemia or high blood sugar levels. Hyperglycemia refers to high blood sugar levels, commonly associated with diabetes mellitus.
Choice B Reason:
Presence of Kussmaul respirations is a right indication. Kussmaul respirations are deep, rapid, and labored breathing patterns often seen in individuals with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a severe complication of diabetes characterized by significantly high blood sugar levels and the presence of ketones in the blood and urine. This type of breathing pattern is the body's attempt to compensate for the acidic state caused by high blood sugar and the buildup of ketones.
Choice C Reason:
Presence of diaphoresis is a wrong indication. Diaphoresis refers to excessive sweating, which can occur due to various reasons such as physical activity, heat, stress, or certain medical conditions. While hyperglycemia can cause symptoms like increased thirst and frequent urination, diaphoresis alone is not a specific indicator of high blood sugar levels.
Choice D Reason:
Absence of urinary ketones is a wrong indication. The presence of urinary ketones indicates the body is breaking down fat for energy, which commonly occurs during periods of insufficient insulin (such as in hyperglycemia or diabetic ketoacidosis). However, the absence of urinary ketones doesn't necessarily rule out hyperglycemia. It's possible for hyperglycemia to be present without ketones in the urine, especially in the early stages or when the body is still managing blood sugar levels without significant ketone production.

Choice A Reason:

Discarding soiled wound care supplies in a trash receptacle outside the client's room is generally a good practice for infection control. However, this action alone might not be sufficient for managing an infectious wound. Proper disposal is essential, but placing the client in isolation is more critical to prevent the spread of infection.

Choice B Reason:

Administering antibiotic therapy before culturing the wound might interfere with accurate culture results. It's generally preferred to obtain wound cultures before starting antibiotic therapy to identify the specific pathogens causing the infection and determine the most effective treatment.

Choice C Reason:

Placing the client in a private room with a private bathroom is correct. Isolating the client in a private room with a private bathroom helps minimize the spread of potential pathogens present in the wound drainage. This measure helps contain the infection and prevents exposure to others.

Choice D Reason:

Instructing visitors to perform hand hygiene for only 5 seconds after leaving the client's room isn't thorough enough for proper infection control. Proper hand hygiene typically involves washing hands with soap and water or using alcohol-based hand sanitizer for at least 20 seconds to effectively reduce the spread of infection.