An elderly patient with osteoarthritis is experiencing increased pain and stiffness in their right knee.
What pathological condition should the nurse identify as the cause of these symptoms?

Degradation of joint cartilage.

A systemic inflammatory response.

An infectious process in the synovial fluid.

A decrease in bone mineral density.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale

Osteoarthritis is a joint disease in which the tissues in the joint, including the cartilage, break down over time. The degradation of joint cartilage is the primary pathological condition that leads to the symptoms of osteoarthritis, such as increased pain and stiffness.

Choice B rationale

A systemic inflammatory response is not the primary cause of osteoarthritis. While inflammation can occur in the affected joint, osteoarthritis is not a systemic inflammatory disease like rheumatoid arthritis.

Choice C rationale

An infectious process in the synovial fluid is not typically associated with osteoarthritis. Infections can lead to a different type of arthritis known as septic arthritis.

Choice D rationale

A decrease in bone mineral density is associated with osteoporosis, not osteoarthritis. In osteoarthritis, the issue is primarily with the degradation of cartilage, not a loss of bone density.

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Correct Answer is ["B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale

The material should not be written at a twelfth-grade reading level. Older adults may have varying levels of literacy, and health information should be accessible to all. It is recommended that patient education materials be written at a sixth-grade reading level or lower.

Choice B rationale

Using a 12-point type font can make the material easier to read, especially for older adults who may have vision problems.

Choice C rationale

Including a list with definitions of unfamiliar terms can help older adults understand the material better. Medical jargon can be confusing, and clear explanations of these terms can improve comprehension.

Choice D rationale

Pictures can help illustrate complex ideas and make the material more engaging and easier to understand. Visual aids can be particularly helpful when explaining how to take medication or demonstrating exercises.

Choice E rationale

Using common words with few syllables can make the material more accessible. Complex medical terms can be confusing, and using simple language can help ensure that the information is understood.

A. Encourage the client to drink at least 3 to 4 liters of water prior to the procedure. B. Notify the healthcare provider if the client reports any allergies to iodine or shellfish. C. Instruct the client that it will be necessary to keep the legs straight for 6 to 8 hours after the procedure. D. Insert an indwelling urinary catheter prior to going to the X-ray department.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Encouraging the client to drink at least 3 to 4 liters of water prior to the procedure is not a standard preparation for an intravenous pyelogram (IVP). Overhydration could potentially complicate the procedure.

Choice B rationale

It is essential for the nurse to notify the healthcare provider if the client reports any allergies to iodine or shellfish. The contrast dye used in an IVP often contains iodine. People who are allergic to iodine or shellfish may have a reaction to this dye.

Choice C rationale

Instructing the client to keep the legs straight for 6 to 8 hours after the procedure is not a standard instruction for IVP. This instruction is more commonly associated with procedures involving the insertion of a catheter into a large artery or vein.

Choice D rationale

Inserting an indwelling urinary catheter prior to going to the X-ray department is not a standard preparation for an IVP. The procedure involves the injection of a contrast dye into a vein, not the bladder.

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An elderly patient with osteoarthritis is experiencing increased pain and stiffness in their right knee.What pathological condition should the nurse identify as the cause of these symptoms?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

When developing an educational program for older adult clients who are being discharged with new antihypertensive medications, which characteristics should the nurse ensure that the educational materials include? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer is ["B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

When preparing a client for an intravenous pyelogram (IVP), it is essential for the nurse to take which action?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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A patient with septic shock develops Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC). Which pathophysiological process should the nurse identify as the cause of the coagulation problem?

An elderly patient with osteoarthritis is experiencing increased pain and stiffness in their right knee.
What pathological condition should the nurse identify as the cause of these symptoms?