An atrial natriuretic peptide is a hormone that:
Is released from the adrenal cortex and stimulates atrial hormones.
Is stimulated to release when blood volume decreases.
Raises blood pressure.
Inhibits the release of renin and aldosterone.
The Correct Answer is D
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a hormone secreted by the heart when the atria are stretched by high blood pressure or volume.
ANP has multiple effects, such as increasing urine and salt excretion, lowering blood pressure, and opposing the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
Therefore, ANP inhibits the release of renin and aldosterone, which are hormones that increase blood pressure and sodium retention.
Choice A is wrong because ANP is not released from the adrenal cortex but from the cardiac atria.
ANP does not stimulate atrial hormones but rather inhibits them.
Choice B is wrong because ANP is not stimulated to release when blood volume decreases, but when it increases.
ANP acts to reduce blood volume by promoting diuresis and natriuresis.
Choice C is wrong because ANP does not raise blood pressure, but lowers it. ANP acts as a vasodilator and reduces peripheral resistance.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
The correct answer is choice B. True.
As a result of the allergen-antibody reaction, mast cells release histamine.
This is because when mast cells are exposed to an allergen that binds to IgE antibodies attached to their FcɛRI receptors, they release histamine and other inflammatory mediators.
Histamine causes vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, mucus secretion, and smooth muscle contraction, which result in allergic symptoms such as itching, swelling, sneezing, and wheezing.
Choice A is wrong because it is the opposite of the correct answer.
Mast cells do release histamine in response to allergen-antibody reactions. Some additional sentences are:
Normal ranges of histamine levels vary depending on the tissue and the method of measurement, but they are usually low in healthy individuals and elevated in allergic conditions.
Histamine can be degraded by enzymes such as diamine oxidase and histamine N-methyltransferase, or inhibited by drugs such as antihistamines.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
The endocardium is the thin inner lining of the heart chambers and also forms the surface of the heart valves.
Some possible explanations for the other choices are:
Choice A is wrong because the pericardium is the sac that surrounds the heart and consists of two layers: the fibrous pericardium and the serous pericardium.
Choice C is wrong because the myocardium is the thick middle layer of muscle that allows the heart chambers to contract and relax to pump blood to the body.
Choice D is wrong because epicardium is another name for the visceral layer of the serous pericardium that is fused to the heart and is part of the heart wall.
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