An African American 58-year-old man in good health has a blood pressure of 120/73 mm Hg at his annual physical examination. Which of the following is the best goal for the nurse to use to assist him in maintaining his health and wellness into older age?
Alter modifiable risk factors
Maintain tight glycemic control
Recognize disease in its early stages
Prevent cardiovascular disease
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: Altering modifiable risk factors is a good goal for anyone who wants to improve their health and wellness, but it is not specific to the case of the African American man who already has a normal blood pressure and no apparent health problems. Modifiable risk factors are those that can be changed by lifestyle choices, such as smoking, diet, exercise, stress, or alcohol consumption.
Choice B reason: Maintaining tight glycemic control is a relevant goal for people who have diabetes or prediabetes, as it can help prevent or delay the complications of high blood sugar, such as nerve damage, kidney damage, or eye damage. However, there is no indication that the African American man has diabetes or prediabetes, so this goal is not applicable to him.
Choice C reason: Recognizing disease in its early stages is a general goal for everyone who wants to prevent or treat health problems, but it is not specific to the case of the African American man who has no signs or symptoms of any disease. Moreover, this goal is more reactive than proactive, as it implies waiting for disease to occur rather than preventing it.
Choice D reason: Preventing cardiovascular disease is the best goal for the nurse to use to assist the African American man in maintaining his health and wellness into older age, as it is specific, proactive, and evidence-based. According to the American Heart Association, high blood pressure is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and it is more prevalent and severe among African Americans than other racial groups. Therefore, the nurse would advise the African American man to monitor his blood pressure regularly, follow a healthy diet, exercise moderately, avoid smoking, and take medication if needed to prevent cardiovascular disease.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Older adult’s self-report is not the most helpful tool, as it may not be reliable or consistent in older adults, especially if they have cognitive impairment, communication difficulties, or cultural barriers. Older adults may also underreport or overreport their pain due to fear, stoicism, or expectations.
Choice B reason: FPS-R (Faces Pain Scale-Revised) is not the most helpful tool, as it may not be suitable or valid for older adults, especially if they have visual impairment, facial paralysis, or dementia. FPS-R is a pictorial scale that uses six facial expressions to represent different levels of pain intensity, from 0 (no pain) to 10 (very much pain).
Choice C reason: Pain medication frequency is not the most helpful tool, as it may not reflect the actual pain level or the effectiveness of the pharmacotherapy. Pain medication frequency may vary depending on the type, dose, route, and duration of the medication, as well as the individual response and tolerance of the older adult.
Choice D reason: Older adult's pain diary is the most helpful tool, as it can provide a comprehensive and longitudinal record of the pain experience, including the location, intensity, quality, frequency, duration, triggers, relievers, and impact of the pain. A pain diary can also help track the use and response of the comfort measures, activity, and pharmacotherapy, and identify the patterns and trends of the pain.
Choice E reason: None of the above is not the correct answer, as there is one choice that is the most helpful tool for the nurse to use.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","E","F"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Diaphoresis is a common symptom of hypoglycemia, as the body tries to increase blood flow and release adrenaline to raise blood sugar levels. The client may notice sweating on the face, palms, or underarms.
Choice B reason: Anxiety is a common symptom of hypoglycemia, as the low blood sugar affects the brain and nervous system. The client may feel nervous, restless, or fearful.
Choice C reason: Tachycardia is not a reliable symptom of hypoglycemia for this client, as he is taking metoprolol, a beta-blocker that lowers the heart rate. Metoprolol can mask the signs of hypoglycemia, such as palpitations, tremors, and increased heart rate.
Choice D reason: Impaired vision is not a reliable symptom of hypoglycemia for this client, as he is an older adult who may have other eye problems, such as cataracts, glaucoma, or macular degeneration. Impaired vision can also be caused by other factors, such as fatigue, stress, or medication side effects.
Choice E reason: Confusion is a common symptom of hypoglycemia, as the low blood sugar affects the brain and cognitive function. The client may have difficulty thinking clearly, remembering things, or making decisions.
Choice F reason: Dizziness is a common symptom of hypoglycemia, as the low blood sugar affects the balance and coordination. The client may feel lightheaded, faint, or unsteady.
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