All of the following characteristics of glomerulonephritis are correct except:
Azotemia
Hematuria with red cell casts
Oliguria and hypertension
An increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of >100
The Correct Answer is D
A. Azotemia: Azotemia, or elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels, is a common feature of glomerulonephritis due to reduced kidney filtration capacity and accumulation of nitrogenous wastes in the blood.
B. Hematuria with red cell casts: Hematuria with red blood cell casts is a classic hallmark of glomerulonephritis, indicating glomerular bleeding and inflammation. These casts are formed in the nephron and reflect active glomerular injury.
C. Oliguria and hypertension: Both are characteristic findings in glomerulonephritis. Oliguria results from impaired filtration, while hypertension develops due to fluid retention and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
D. An increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of >100: Glomerulonephritis typically leads to a decreased GFR, not an increase. Inflammation and damage to the glomeruli impair the kidneys' ability to filter blood effectively, resulting in reduced GFR and waste accumulation.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Decision-making, problem-solving, and planning: The frontal lobe is primarily responsible for higher-order executive functions such as reasoning, decision-making, problem-solving, judgment, and planning. It also plays a role in personality and voluntary motor control, especially through the prefrontal cortex and motor areas.
B. Vision and color recognition: These functions are associated with the occipital lobe, which is located at the back of the brain and specializes in processing visual input, including aspects like color, shape, and motion.
C. Language comprehension and memory: Language comprehension is primarily controlled by Wernicke’s area, which is located in the temporal lobe. Memory is also associated with the temporal lobe and the limbic system structures like the hippocampus.
D. Movement coordination and balance: These are functions of the cerebellum, which regulates fine motor control, coordination, balance, and posture—not the frontal lobe.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Increase their intake of cranberry juice and other fluids: While cranberry juice and increased fluids may help prevent or relieve mild urinary tract infections, the presence of blood in the urine (hematuria) and lower abdominal pain may indicate a more serious condition that requires professional evaluation rather than home remedies alone.
B. Wait and see if it goes away without treatment: Ignoring hematuria and pain can delay diagnosis and treatment of potentially serious conditions such as infections, stones, or other urinary tract problems. Prompt assessment is important to prevent complications.
C. Go to the emergency room right away: Unless symptoms are severe, such as uncontrollable pain, fever, or signs of systemic infection, immediate emergency care may not be necessary. However, timely medical evaluation is still essential.
D. Get an appointment with their family provider: This is the most appropriate advice because a healthcare provider can perform necessary assessments, such as history, physical exam, and diagnostic tests, to determine the cause of hematuria and pain and initiate appropriate treatment.
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