After reviewing the admission assessment of a client with chronic pain, which intervention(s) should the nurse include in this client's plan of care? (Select all that apply.)

Choice A Reason: This is incorrect because nociceptive pain is caused by stimulation of nociceptors, which are sensory receptors that respond to tissue damage or inflammation. Nociceptive pain is usually localized and throbbing or aching.

Choice B Reason: This is correct because neuropathic pain is caused by damage or dysfunction of the nervous system. Neuropathic pain is usually diffuse and burning or shooting.

Choice C Reason: This is incorrect because acute pain is defined by its duration rather than its cause or quality. Acute pain lasts less than six months and usually has an identifiable cause and predictable course.

Choice D Reason: This is incorrect because visceral pain is caused by stimulation of nociceptors in the internal organs. Visceral pain is usually deep and cramping or squeezing.

Choice A Reason: This is correct because providing comfort measures such as topical warm application and tactile massage can help reduce pain perception and promote relaxation by stimulating non-painful sensory receptors.

Choice B Reason: This is incorrect because assisting the client to ambulate as much as possible during waking hours can increase pain intensity and fatigue by aggravating inflamed or injured tissues. The nurse should encourage moderate physical activity within the client's tolerance level.

Choice C Reason: This is correct because determining client's subjective measure of pain using a numerical pain scale can help assess pain severity and effectiveness of pain management interventions. Pain is a subjective experience that varies among individuals.

Choice D Reason: This is incorrect because encouraging increased fluid intake and measuring urinary output every 8 hours are not directly related to pain management. These interventions are more relevant for clients with fluid imbalance or renal impairment.

Choice E Reason: This is correct because implementing a 24-hour schedule of routine administration of prescribed analgesic can help maintain a steady level of analgesia and prevent breakthrough pain. Chronic pain requires continuous treatment rather than on-demand administration.