A woman comes to the clinic for a routine checkup. After obtaining the client's history, the nurse identifies that the client is at increased risk for cervical cancer based on her history of exposure to which virus?

hepatitis

human papillomavirus

cytomegalovirus

Epstein-Barr virus

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Hepatitis:

- Hepatitis viruses (such as hepatitis B and hepatitis C) primarily affect the liver and are not directly associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections can lead to liver inflammation, cirrhosis, and liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma), but they do not specifically increase the risk of cervical cancer.

B. Human papillomavirus (HPV):

- Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is strongly associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer. HPV is a sexually transmitted virus that can infect the cells of the cervix, leading to cellular changes that may progress to cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer over time. Persistent infection with high-risk strains of HPV, particularly HPV types 16 and 18, is a major risk factor for the development of cervical cancer.

C. Cytomegalovirus (CMV):

- Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common virus in the herpesvirus family. While CMV infection can cause complications in certain populations, such as congenital CMV infection in infants born to mothers with primary CMV infection during pregnancy, it is not known to be directly associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer.

D. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV):

- Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a herpesvirus that is best known for causing infectious mononucleosis (mono). EBV infection has been associated with certain types of cancers, such as Burkitt's lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. However, EBV infection is not directly linked to an increased risk of cervical cancer.

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Correct Answer is ["B","C","E"]

Explanation

A. "Teenage females have sex as they feel they have power to control the sex act."

This statement focuses on perceived power dynamics in sexual relationships and does not directly address why females are more at risk for STIs. It also oversimplifies the reasons why teenagers engage in sexual activity.

B. "Teenage girls are more susceptible to STIs due to their genital anatomy."

This statement acknowledges that anatomical differences in female genitalia, such as the presence of a cervix and a larger mucosal surface area, can make females more vulnerable to STIs compared to males.

C. "The female genital tract makes you more sensitive to specific STI organisms."

The female genital tract has a unique environment that can make it more susceptible to certain STIs, such as chlamydia and gonorrhea. This statement highlights the biological factors that contribute to females' increased risk of STIs.

D. "The teenage female anatomy is mature, leaving them more susceptible to STIs."

This statement incorrectly suggests that maturity of the female anatomy increases susceptibility to STIs. While certain anatomical features may contribute to increased risk, maturity itself is not a direct factor. Additionally, it does not provide specific information about why females are more at risk for STIs.

E. "Teenage females lack communication skills to negotiate for safer sex."

This statement addresses social and behavioral factors that may contribute to females' increased risk of STIs, such as challenges in negotiating safer sex practices with their partners. Effective communication skills are essential for discussing sexual health, boundaries, and protection, and lack of these skills can increase vulnerability to STIs.

A. engaging in daily exercise B. eating a high-fat diet C. becoming pregnant D. using estrogen contraceptives E. Having regular pelvic exams

Correct Answer is ["A","C","E"]

Explanation

A. Engaging in daily exercise:

Regular physical activity has been associated with a reduced risk of endometrial cancer. Exercise helps maintain a healthy weight and may help regulate hormone levels, which can contribute to a lower risk of developing endometrial cancer.

B. Eating a high-fat diet:

Consuming a high-fat diet may increase the risk of endometrial cancer. High-fat diets have been linked to obesity, which in turn is a risk factor for endometrial cancer. Additionally, high-fat diets may alter hormone levels in the body, potentially affecting the development of endometrial cancer.

C. Becoming pregnant:

Pregnancy and childbirth can have a protective effect against endometrial cancer. During pregnancy, hormonal changes and the cessation of menstrual cycles may reduce the exposure of the endometrium to estrogen, potentially decreasing the risk of developing endometrial cancer.

D. Using estrogen contraceptives:

Estrogen-containing contraceptives, such as birth control pills, patches, or hormonal intrauterine devices (IUDs), have been associated with a higher risk of endometrial cancer, especially if used for extended periods. Estrogen alone, without the balancing effect of progesterone, can stimulate the growth of the endometrium and increase the risk of cancer.

E. Having regular pelvic exams:

Regular pelvic exams, which may include a Pap smear and/or endometrial biopsy, can help detect abnormalities in the endometrium at an early stage. Early detection can lead to timely intervention and treatment, potentially reducing the risk of advanced endometrial cancer.

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A woman comes to the clinic for a routine checkup. After obtaining the client's history, the nurse identifies that the client is at increased risk for cervical cancer based on her history of exposure to which virus?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A sexual health public health nurse is presenting information on sexually transmitted infections (STIs) to adolescent girls and is asked, "Why are females more at risk for STIS?" Which statements by the nurse would best answer this question? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer is ["B","C","E"]

Explanation

During a routine health check-up, a young adult woman asks the nurse about ways to prevent endometrial cancer. Which actions would the nurse most likely include? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer is ["A","C","E"]

Explanation

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