A nurse is preparing a teaching program for a group of pregnant women about preventing infections during pregnancy. When describing measures for preventing cytomegalovirus infection, which measure would the nurse include as a priority?

immunization

prenatal screening

antibody titer screening

frequent handwashing

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Immunization:

Currently, there is no licensed vaccine available for the prevention of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Therefore, immunization is not a viable option for preventing CMV infection during pregnancy. While researchers are actively working on developing a CMV vaccine, it is not yet available for widespread use.

B. Prenatal screening:

Prenatal screening for CMV is not routinely performed during prenatal care. Screening for CMV during pregnancy is not typically recommended unless there is a specific clinical indication, such as maternal symptoms suggestive of acute CMV infection or fetal abnormalities detected on ultrasound. Therefore, prenatal screening is not a primary preventive measure for CMV infection during pregnancy.

C. Antibody titer screening:

Antibody titer screening for CMV is also not routinely performed during prenatal care. While some healthcare providers may offer CMV antibody testing in certain situations, such as for women with a known exposure to CMV or those at increased risk of primary CMV infection during pregnancy, it is not a standard practice for all pregnant women. Therefore, antibody titer screening is not a primary preventive measure for CMV infection during pregnancy.

D. Frequent handwashing:

Frequent handwashing is the most important preventive measure for reducing the risk of CMV infection during pregnancy. CMV is commonly transmitted through close contact with bodily fluids, such as saliva, urine, blood, and genital secretions. Proper hand hygiene, including washing hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, especially after coming into contact with young children's saliva or urine, can help prevent the spread of CMV. This measure is crucial for pregnant women to reduce their risk of acquiring CMV and transmitting it to their unborn babies.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Mammogram

A mammogram is typically the next step in the diagnostic process when a breast lump is detected during a clinical breast examination. Mammography allows for further evaluation of the lump and surrounding breast tissue to determine its characteristics, such as size, shape, and density. It is an important tool for detecting breast abnormalities, including masses and calcifications, which can help in diagnosing breast cancer.

B. Hormone receptor status

While hormone receptor status testing may be part of the diagnostic workup for breast cancer, it is usually not the immediate next step after discovering a breast lump during a clinical examination. Hormone receptor status testing is typically performed after a confirmed diagnosis of breast cancer to guide treatment decisions, such as the use of hormone therapy.

C. Fine-needle aspiration

Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) may be used in conjunction with other diagnostic tests, such as mammography or ultrasound, to further evaluate a breast lump. However, it is not typically the first step in the diagnostic process, especially if a lump is found during a clinical breast examination. FNA involves using a thin needle to extract cells or fluid from the lump for examination under a microscope to determine if it is benign or malignant.

D. Genetic testing for BRCA

Genetic testing for BRCA mutations is typically not the immediate next step after finding a breast lump during a clinical examination. Genetic testing for BRCA mutations is usually recommended for individuals with a strong family history of breast or ovarian cancer or those who meet specific criteria based on personal or family history. It is not typically the initial diagnostic step in evaluating a breast lump.

A. "Teenage females have sex as they feel they have power to control the sex act." B. "Teenage girls are more susceptible to STIS due to their genital anatomy." C. "The female genital tract makes you more sensitive to specific STI organisms. D. "The teenage female anatomy is mature, leaving them more susceptible to STIs." E. "Teenage females lack communication skills to negotiate for safer sex."

Correct Answer is ["B","C","E"]

Explanation

A. "Teenage females have sex as they feel they have power to control the sex act."

This statement focuses on perceived power dynamics in sexual relationships and does not directly address why females are more at risk for STIs. It also oversimplifies the reasons why teenagers engage in sexual activity.

B. "Teenage girls are more susceptible to STIs due to their genital anatomy."

This statement acknowledges that anatomical differences in female genitalia, such as the presence of a cervix and a larger mucosal surface area, can make females more vulnerable to STIs compared to males.

C. "The female genital tract makes you more sensitive to specific STI organisms."

The female genital tract has a unique environment that can make it more susceptible to certain STIs, such as chlamydia and gonorrhea. This statement highlights the biological factors that contribute to females' increased risk of STIs.

D. "The teenage female anatomy is mature, leaving them more susceptible to STIs."

This statement incorrectly suggests that maturity of the female anatomy increases susceptibility to STIs. While certain anatomical features may contribute to increased risk, maturity itself is not a direct factor. Additionally, it does not provide specific information about why females are more at risk for STIs.

E. "Teenage females lack communication skills to negotiate for safer sex."

This statement addresses social and behavioral factors that may contribute to females' increased risk of STIs, such as challenges in negotiating safer sex practices with their partners. Effective communication skills are essential for discussing sexual health, boundaries, and protection, and lack of these skills can increase vulnerability to STIs.

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A nurse is preparing a teaching program for a group of pregnant women about preventing infections during pregnancy. When describing measures for preventing cytomegalovirus infection, which measure would the nurse include as a priority?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

During a clinical breast examination, the nurse palpates a well-defined, firm, mobile lump in a 60-year-old woman's left breast. The nurse notifies the primary care provider. What would the nurse anticipate the care provider to prescribe next?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A sexual health public health nurse is presenting information on sexually transmitted infections (STIs) to adolescent girls and is asked, "Why are females more at risk for STIS?" Which statements by the nurse would best answer this question? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer is ["B","C","E"]

Explanation

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