A school nurse is planning a health fair for the caregivers of children entering kindergarten. Which of the following primary prevention topics should the nurse include?
Required immunizations
Nutrition for children who have diabetes
Emergency disaster planning
Screening for a pediculosis breakout
The Correct Answer is A
Rationale:
A. Required immunizations: Immunizations are a key aspect of primary prevention, as they protect children from preventable diseases before exposure occurs. Including information about required vaccines at the kindergarten level helps caregivers ensure children are protected and supports community health.
B. Nutrition for children who have diabetes: Nutrition management for children with diabetes is considered secondary or tertiary prevention, as it involves managing an existing condition rather than preventing disease onset. It is not the focus for primary prevention at a general health fair.
C. Emergency disaster planning: While disaster planning is important for safety, it is not classified as primary prevention of disease. It addresses preparedness rather than preventing the initial occurrence of a health condition.
D. Screening for a pediculosis breakout: Screening is a secondary prevention activity because it involves early detection of an existing condition (lice infestation). It does not prevent the initial occurrence of disease, so it is not a primary prevention topic.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"B","dropdown-group-2":"B"}
Explanation
Rationale for correct choices
• Limb immobilization: Immobilization is the primary treatment for a nondisplaced fracture to maintain bone alignment, promote healing, and prevent further injury. Splints, casts, or braces may be used depending on the fracture location and stability. Proper immobilization also helps reduce pain and swelling by limiting movement of the injured extremity.
• Pain medication: Pain management is essential to ensure comfort and facilitate cooperation with care. Mild to moderate pain from a nondisplaced fracture can be managed with acetaminophen or ibuprofen. Effective analgesia also helps the child maintain mobility of unaffected areas and reduces stress associated with the injury.
Rationale for incorrect choices
• Antibiotics: Antibiotics are not routinely prescribed for closed fractures unless there is an open wound or risk of infection. The child’s abrasion on the knee may require topical care, but systemic antibiotics are not indicated for the fracture itself.
• Bed rest: Strict bed rest is not necessary for a nondisplaced upper extremity fracture. The child can usually participate in age-appropriate activities while the limb is immobilized, as long as the extremity is protected.
• Surgical consultation: Surgical intervention is typically reserved for displaced fractures, open fractures, or fractures with neurovascular compromise. This child’s fracture is nondisplaced and stable, so surgery is not anticipated at this stage.
• Skin traction: Skin traction is generally used for lower extremity fractures or severe fractures requiring alignment before surgical intervention. It is not indicated for a stable, nondisplaced forearm fracture in a child.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Insert a large-bore IV catheter: A large-bore (18–20 gauge) IV catheter is required to allow rapid infusion of blood products if needed, minimizing hemolysis and ensuring adequate flow. This is critical for the safety and effectiveness of the transfusion, especially in clients who may be hemodynamically unstable.
B. Witness the client signing a consent for transfusion: Obtaining informed consent ensures the client understands the risks, benefits, and alternatives to the blood transfusion. Witnessing the signature is a legal and ethical requirement to confirm that the client has voluntarily agreed to the procedure.
C. Have a second nurse confirm the information on the blood label: Verification by a second nurse prevents administration errors, such as giving the wrong blood type or unit. This double-check process is essential for patient safety and is standard protocol before starting a transfusion.
D. Flush the transfusion tubing with dextrose 5 in water: Blood products should not be administered through tubing flushed with dextrose solutions because dextrose can cause red blood cell hemolysis. Normal saline is the only appropriate solution for priming and flushing blood administration tubing.
E. Explain to the client that transfusion reactions are not serious: Transfusion reactions can be life-threatening, including hemolytic, allergic, or febrile reactions. Minimizing the seriousness of these risks is inappropriate; the client should be informed about potential complications and instructed to report any symptoms immediately.
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