A school nurse is performing scoliosis screenings.
The nurse should recognize which of the following clinical manifestations as an indication of scoliosis?

Choice A rationale:

Having the client exhale deeper than she inhales is a breathing technique that can help manage pain but does not specifically address the request for pain management techniques during natural childbirth. Option A does not provide comprehensive information about pain management strategies during labor.

Choice B rationale:

Providing information about the use of hydrotherapy during labor is a valid suggestion. Hydrotherapy, such as taking a warm bath or using a shower during labor, can help alleviate pain and promote relaxation. It is a non-pharmacological pain management option that the client can consider.

Choice C rationale:

Encouraging the client to have the family exit the room when the pain is unbearable may offer emotional support, but it does not provide a direct pain management technique. Additionally, the presence of loved ones can be a source of comfort for the client during labor.

Choice D rationale:

Informing the client that using pharmacological pain management will not impact the delivery is a true statement. Pharmacological pain relief methods, such as epidural anesthesia, do not affect the progress of labor or the outcome of delivery. However, this option does not provide an alternative pain management technique for the client who desires natural childbirth.

The correct answer is choice c. Swelling of the face.

Choice A rationale:

Urinary frequency is a common symptom during pregnancy, especially in the first and third trimesters, due to hormonal changes and the growing uterus pressing on the bladder. It is generally not a cause for concern unless accompanied by other symptoms like pain or burning during urination, which could indicate a urinary tract infection.

Choice B rationale:

Bleeding gums are also common during pregnancy due to hormonal changes that increase blood flow to the gums, making them more sensitive and prone to bleeding. This condition, known as pregnancy gingivitis, is usually not serious but should be managed with good oral hygiene.

Choice C rationale:

Swelling of the face can be a sign of preeclampsia, a serious condition characterized by high blood pressure and damage to other organs, often the kidneys. Preeclampsia typically occurs after 20 weeks of gestation but can develop earlier. It requires immediate medical attention to prevent complications for both the mother and the baby.

Choice D rationale:

Faintness upon rising, or orthostatic hypotension, is relatively common during pregnancy due to changes in blood circulation. It can usually be managed by rising slowly from a sitting or lying position. However, if fainting is frequent or severe, it should be discussed with a healthcare provider to rule out other underlying conditions.