A registered nurse assesses a confused older adult, The nurse experiences sadness and reflects. "The patient is like one of my grandparents, so helpless." What feelings does the nurse describe?
Select one:

This client is experiencing auditory hallucinations and may be at risk for self-harm or suicide. The nurse should prioritize visiting this client first to assess their safety and provide appropriate interventions.

Option a. A client who recently burned her arm by accident while using a hot iron at home may require wound care and education on safety, but this situation is not as urgent as the client experiencing auditory hallucinations.

Option b. A client who tells the nurse he experienced manifestations of severe anxiety before and during a job interview may benefit from interventions to manage anxiety, but this situation is not as urgent as the client experiencing auditory hallucinations.

Option c. A client who requests that her antipsychotic medication be changed due to some new adverse effects may require medication adjustment and monitoring for side effects, but this situation is not as urgent as the client experiencing auditory hallucinations.

Cognitive therapy is a type of psychotherapy that focuses on identifying and changing negative thought patterns and beliefs that contribute to psychological distress. In this case, the single parent is experiencing feelings of inadequacy related to work and family since one teenaged child ran away 2 weeks ago. The cognitive therapist would work with the client to identify any negative or distorted thoughts they may be having about themselves, their situation, and their ability to cope.

Through cognitive therapy, the therapist would help the client learn how to challenge and change their negative thoughts and beliefs, replacing them with more realistic and positive ones. The goal of cognitive therapy is to help the client develop new coping skills and ways of thinking that will enable them to better manage their emotions and improve their overall well-being.

Option b, negatively reinforcing an undesirable behavior every day to avoid it, is not a component of cognitive therapy. This approach is more aligned with behavioral therapy, which focuses on modifying behaviors through reinforcement and punishment.

Option c, focusing on conscious mental processes, is partially correct, as cognitive therapy does focus on conscious mental processes. However, this alone does not fully capture the essence of cognitive therapy.

Option d, always discussing Freud ego stages, is not relevant to cognitive therapy, as it is a psychoanalytic approach developed by Freud that focuses on the unconscious mind and early childhood experiences.