A public health nurse is teaching a group of nurses about smallpox. Which of the following statements by one of the nurses indicates understanding of the teaching?

Unlike chickenpox, the vesicles of smallpox are more abundant on the face.

Smallpox lesions appear in various stages of healing.

Vaccination against smallpox provides lifelong immunity.

There are rare, occasional occurrences of smallpox.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: Unlike Chickenpox, the Vesicles of Smallpox Are More Abundant on the Face

This statement indicates an understanding of the teaching. Smallpox lesions are indeed more abundant on the face and extremities compared to chickenpox, which tends to have a more central distribution on the trunk. Smallpox lesions are also typically more uniform in their stage of development, whereas chickenpox lesions can appear in various stages of healing simultaneously.

Choice B reason: Smallpox Lesions Appear in Various Stages of Healing

This statement is incorrect. Unlike chickenpox, where lesions can be in different stages of healing at the same time, smallpox lesions generally progress through the same stages simultaneously. This uniformity in lesion development is a distinguishing feature of smallpox.

Choice C reason: Vaccination Against Smallpox Provides Lifelong Immunity

This statement is partially correct but needs clarification. The smallpox vaccine provides long-lasting immunity, but it may not be lifelong. Immunity can wane over time, and booster vaccinations may be necessary for continued protection.

Choice D reason: There Are Rare, Occasional Occurrences of Smallpox

This statement is incorrect. Smallpox was declared eradicated in 1980 by the World Health Organization (WHO). There have been no naturally occurring cases of smallpox since then. The only known stocks of the virus are kept in secure laboratories for research purposes.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: The Health Care Proxy Does Not Go Into Effect Until I Am Incapable of Making Decisions

This statement is correct. A health care proxy, also known as a durable power of attorney for health care, only becomes active when the individual is no longer capable of making their own medical decisions. Until that point, the individual retains full control over their health care choices1.

Choice B reason: I Have to Choose a Family Member as My Health Proxy

This statement indicates a need for clarification. It is not necessary to choose a family member as a health care proxy. An individual can select any trusted person, whether a family member or a friend, to act as their health care proxy. The most important factor is that the chosen person understands the individual’s wishes and is willing to advocate for them2.

Choice C reason: I Can Change Who I Designate as My Health Care Proxy at Any Time

This statement is correct. An individual can change their designated health care proxy at any time, as long as they are still capable of making their own decisions. It is important to ensure that any changes are documented properly and that all relevant parties are informed of the change3.

Choice D reason: If I Become Incapacitated, End-of-Life Choices Will Be Made by My Proxy

This statement is correct. If an individual becomes incapacitated and is unable to make their own medical decisions, the health care proxy will step in to make decisions on their behalf, including end-of-life choices. The proxy should be well-informed about the individual’s preferences and values to make decisions that align with their wishes4.

A. Airborne B. Contact C. Protective D. Droplet

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Airborne

Airborne precautions are used for diseases that are transmitted through tiny airborne particles that can remain suspended in the air and be inhaled by others. Examples of diseases requiring airborne precautions include tuberculosis, measles, and chickenpox. These diseases can spread over long distances and through ventilation systems. Pertussis, however, is not transmitted via airborne particles but rather through larger respiratory droplets.

Choice B reason: Contact

Contact precautions are used for infections that are spread by direct or indirect contact with the patient or the patient’s environment. This includes infections like methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Clostridioides difficile (C. diff). While contact precautions are important for preventing the spread of certain infections, pertussis is primarily spread through respiratory droplets, making droplet precautions more appropriate.

Choice C reason: Protective

Protective precautions, also known as reverse isolation, are used to protect immunocompromised patients from potential infections. This type of precaution is not intended to prevent the spread of infections from the patient to others but rather to protect the patient from external sources of infection. Examples include patients undergoing chemotherapy or those with severe immunodeficiency. Pertussis does not require protective precautions as it is not about protecting the patient from others.

Choice D reason: Droplet

Droplet precautions are the appropriate transmission-based precautions for pertussis. Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is spread through respiratory droplets that are produced when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. These droplets can travel short distances and can infect others who are in close proximity. Droplet precautions include wearing a mask when within 3 feet of the patient, placing the patient in a private room if possible, and ensuring that the patient wears a mask if they need to be transported.

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A public health nurse is teaching a group of nurses about smallpox. Which of the following statements by one of the nurses indicates understanding of the teaching?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who has named a person to serve as his health care proxy. The client states he needs clarification about this type of advance directive. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for clarification?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is admitting a client who has pertussis. Which of the following types of transmission-based precautions should the nurse initiate?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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